Ch19 Ecosystem 1

Which of the following correctly represents the pyramid of biomass for the food chain below?

下列哪項正確展示以下食物鏈的生物量塔？

Grass --> Grasshopper --> small bird --> hawk

草 --> 草蜢 --> 小鳥 --> 鷹

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The following shows food chain: 以下顯示一食物鏈：

small tree --> leaf-cutting ant --> ant eater

小樹 --> 切葉蟻 --> 食蟻獸

(Hint: Each small tree normally supports one nest of leaf-cutting ants)

(提示：每棵小樹通常只供養一巢切葉蟻)

Which of the following pyramids of numbers can represent the food chain above?

以下哪個數目塔能代表上述的食物鏈？    

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• 
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In the food web, the relationship(s) between the water bird and small fish is / are  (06CE43)

(1)   predation

(2)   competition

(3)   commensalisms

 

在這食物網，水鳥與小魚之間的關係是

(1) 捕食。

(2) 競爭。

(3) 片利共生。

• A.    (1) only

• B.    (1) and (2) only

• C.    (2) and (3) only

• D.    (1), (2) and (3)

The highest trophic level in this food web is

在這食物網，最高的食性層次是

• A.    the 3^rd tropic level

  第三層

• B.    the 4^th tropic level

  第四層

• C.    the 5^th tropic level

  第五層

• D.    the 6^th tropic level

  第六層

Mikania micrantha (薇甘菊) is a plant that grows rapidly on the neighbouring plants, thus reducing the amount of light that reaches them. Its relationship with the neighbouring plants is

薇甘菊是一種會在鄰近植物上面迅速生長的植物，由於這樣，它會減少照射在鄰近植物

上的陽光。它和鄰近植物之間的關係是什麼？

• A.       competition

  競爭 

• B.       mutualism

  互利共生

• C.       parasitism

    寄生

• D.       predation

  捕食

        Organisms X, Y and Z form a food chain. The table below shows their total numbers and average dry masses in an ecosystem:

With reference to the information in the table, what do you think are the ecological roles of organisms X, Y and Z in this food chain?

 生物 X、Y 和 Z 組成一食物鏈。下表顯示它們在某生態系中的總數量和平均乾質量︰

 參考表內資料，你認為生物 X、Y 和 Z在這條食物鏈的生態角色是什麼？

• X primary consumers    

  Y    producer

  Z secondary consumer

• X producer    

  Y    primary consumers 

  Z secondary consumer

• X secondary consumer  

  Y    primary consumers  

  Z producer

• X secondary consumer   

  Y    producer

  Z primary consumers 

The graph below shows the changes in the populations of two organisms that exhibit a predator-prey relationship in a habitat:

Which of the following statements about the identity of the organism is correct?下圖顯示兩種生物的種群變化。這兩種生物在一生境內展示捕食者 - 獵物的關係：

        以下哪項有關生物身分的陳述是正確的？

• A. P is the predator because its number fluctuates more than that of Q.

  P是捕食者，因為牠的數目較Q的數目有較大變化。

• B.  P is the predator because its lowest number is lower than that of Q.

  P是捕食者，因為牠最低的數目較Q最低數目為低。

• C. Q is the predator because its number fluctuates less than that of P.

  Q是捕食者，因為牠的數目較P的數目有較小變化。

• D.  Q is the predator because its highest number is lower than that of P.

  Q是捕食者，因為牠最高的數目較P的最高數目為低。

Organisms P and Q are found in the same local habitat. Their population sizes have continued to grow in the last few years. Which of the following statements best describes organisms P and Q?

生物P和Q生活在同一本地生境內。在過去幾年，牠們的種群數目不斷增加。以下哪項陳述最能描述生物P和Q？

• A. They are heterotrophs

  牠們是異養生物

• B. They are top predators牠們是頂級捕食者

• C. They have different niches

  牠們有不同的生態位

• D. They have different predators

  牠們有不同的捕食者

The graph shows the biomasses of four populations forming a food chain in a terrestrial habitat:

Which population is most likely the autotrophs in this habitat?

圖片顯示在某陸生生境內形成食物鏈的四個種群的生物量：

這個生境中，哪個種群最可能是自養生物？

• A

• B

• C

• D

What would you expect to happen if the number of individuals in population D decreased?

若種群D的個體數目下降，會發生甚麼事？

• A. The number of individuals in population A would increase.

  種群A的個體數目會增加

• B. The number of individuals in population C would decrease.

  種群C的個體數目會減少

• C. The amount of energy passed to population A would decrease.

  供應種群A的能量會減少

• D. The amount of energy passed to population C would increase.

  供應種群C的能量會增加