Chapters 12 and 13, Mr. Rust, Bio 9

Chapter 12 Vocab. Match the term with the correct definition.

• the process of copying DNA prior to cell dividion

• Repilcation

• Principle that bonds in DNA can form only between Adenine & Thymine and between Guanine & Cytosine

• DNA polymerase

• Repetitive DNA at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes

• Telomeres

• principle enzyme involved in the DNA replication

• Base-Pairing

Chapter 13 Vocab. Match the term with the correct definition.

• mutation that shifts the 'reading frame' of the genetic message by inserting/deleting a nucleotide

• RNA

• single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose

• Anticodon

• group of 3 bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to the 3 bases of a codon of mRNA

• Frameshift Mutation

• group of 3 nucleotide bases in mRNA, specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated into protein

• Codon

​ ​ (a)   : collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis.

​ (b)   : specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription.

​ ​ (c)   : change in the genetic material of a cell.

• Genetic Code
• Promoters
• Mutations

Chapter 13 Vocab. Match the term with the correct definition below.

• chemical or physical agents in the environment that interact with DNA and may cause a mutation

• Mutagens

• specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

• gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been change

• Polypeptides

• type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes

• Promoters

• long chain of amino acids that make proteins

• Point Mutations

Chapter 13 Vocab. Match the term with the correct definition below.

• type of RNA that carries each ammino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis

• Transcription

• deciphering the mRNA message by building proteins

• Transfer RNA (tRNA)

• synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template

• Translation

​ (a)   : type of RNA that carries copies of directions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell.

​ (b)   : the enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as template.

​ (c)   : type of RNA that carries each ammino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis.

• Messenger RNA (mRNA)
• RNA Polymerase
• Transfer RNA (tRNA)

The function of rRNA is to form ​ (a)   . DNA is ​ (b)   stranded.

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of ​ (c)   .

• Ribosomes
• double
• nucleotides
• Lipids
• triple
• proteins

​ (a)   made ​ (b)   diffraction photos of DNA.

​ (c)   are the scientist credited with establishing the ​ (d)   .

• Rosalind Franklin
• x-rays
• Watson and Crick
• structure of DNA

​ (a)   mutations are harmful. ​ Sickle Cell Anemia is a ​ (b)   mutation.

• Not all
• Harmful
• All
• non-Harmful

​ (a)   RNA is NOT a type of RNA. ​ (b)   RNA acts as an "interpreter" because it carries ​ (c)   to its correct codon. Each ​ (d)   in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a ​ (e)   .

• Carrier
• Transfer
• amino acid
• nucleotide triplet
• Codon