APB Ch 22 Check-in

Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution by natural selection was revolutionary because it ________.

• was the first theory to refute the ideas of special creation

• proved that individuals acclimated to their environment over time

• dismissed the idea that species are constant and emphasized the importance of variation and change in populations

• was the first time a biologist had proposed that species changed through time

Fossils found in strata reveal that ________.

• older strata carry fossils that differ greatly from living organisms

• geologic changes occur quickly on Earth

• unused body parts decrease in size

• innate drive to complexity of life

Which of the following statements best explains why modification or change in an organ or tissue during the lifetime of an individual is not inherited?

• Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.

• Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.

• Only favorable adaptations have survival value.

• Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.

A farmer uses triazine herbicide to control pigweed in his field. For the first few years, the triazine works well and almost all the pigweed dies; but after several years, the farmer sees more and more pigweed. Which of these statements explains why the pigweed reappeared?

• The herbicide company lost its triazine formula and started selling poor-quality triazine.

• Natural selection caused the pigweed to mutate, creating a new triazine-resistant species.

• Triazine-resistant pigweed has less-efficient photosynthesis metabolism.

• Triazine-resistant weeds were more likely to survive and reproduce.

Darwin used the phrase "descent with modification" to explain ________.

• unity of life

• descent of all organisms from a single, ancient ancestor

• that habitat differences stimulate change in organisms

• evolution of the unity and diversity of life

In a hypothetical environment, fishes called pike-cichlids are visual predators of large, adult algae-eating fish (in other words, they locate their prey by sight). The population of algae-eaters experiences predatory pressure from pike-cichlids. Which of the following is least likely to result in the algae-eater population in future generations?

• selection for drab coloration of the algae-eaters

• selection for nocturnal algae-eaters (active only at night)

• selection for larger female algae-eaters, bearing broods composed of more, and larger, young

• selection for algae-eaters that become sexually mature at smaller overall body sizes