COGS001_Midterm_One

Respectively, what is (1) syntax and (2) semantics in linguistics ?

• meaning and grammar

• grammar and rhythm & sound

• grammar and meaning

• rhythm & sound and meaning

An experimenter wants to study "happiness". They did some research and found Lyubomirsky & Lepper's (1999) Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS). The SHS is an example of what part of experimental design?

• metrification

• parameterization

• operationalization

• modeling

Four statements, which employs Fuzzy Logic and which employ probability?

1) It is 50% True that there will be rain tomorrow.

2) There is a 50% chance of rain tomorrow.

3) In the last 10 days I biked to campus once, ran twice and bussed the other times. On any given day, it is 20% true that I ran to campus, 10% true that I biked, and 70% true that I bussed.

4) Based on the last 10 days, there is a 10% chance that I will miss the bus.

• 1) FL

  2) Prob.

  3) FL

  4) Prob.

• 1) FL

  2) FL.

  3) Prob.

  4) Prob.

• 1) FL

  2) FL.

  3) FL

  4) Prob.

• 1) Prob.

  2) FL.

  3) Prob.

  4) Prob.

Which of the following answers describe a PET scan?

• Repeated pulses of a magnetic field is focused onto an area on the scalp, inducing a refractory period, and thereby a temporary lesion.

• Measures gross-electrical activity of brain areas using scalp sensors. High temporal but low spatial resolution.

• Uses a radio pulses measured by a magnet to measure oxygen levels and blood flow and thereby the brain's activity. Low temporal but high spatial resolution.

• Uses a radioactive tracer to measure oxygen levels and blood flow and thereby the brain's activity. Low temporal but high spatial resolution.

Which of these statements are incompatible with 'Hebbian Learning'?

• Neurons/nodes that fire together wire Together.

• Inhibitory connections form for neurons/nodes that do not 'fire together'.

• A teacher evaluates the error and updates the neurons/nodes.

• Connections between neurons/nodes that do not fire together die off.

What area of Phineas Gage's brain was damaged and what was one resulting effect?

• frontal lobe, personality change

• occipital lobe,

  visual impairments

• temporal lobe, deficits in language comprehension

• inferior frontal gyrus, deficits in language production

Say this graph represents the space of possible error values for some range of parameters of a learning algorithm. What does the red (left-most) point depict.

• threshold point

• local minimum

• global minimum

• critical point

What is an advantage of serial/rule-based processing (as compared to parallel-distributed processing)?

• universality

• analogous/similarity to neurobiology

• simplicity / clarity

• efficiency

This epistemological approach approaches knowledge acquisition via reasoning and logic.

• Rationalism

• Behaviorism

• Functionalism

• Empiricism

What are the Idealized Stages of Information Processing?

• Detection -> Recognition -> Response Selection

• Recognition -> Detection -> Response Selection

• Recognition -> Detection -> Cognition -> Response Selection

• Perception ->

  Recognition -> Detection -> Response Selection