Mod 2 Review Marine Science

What does the theory of plate tectonics state about the Earth?

• The inner core is divided into plates that glide under the mantle.

• The inner core is made up of a mantle that is covered by plates.

• The outer shell is divided into plates that glide over the mantle.

• The outer shell is made up of a mantle that sits on top of plates.

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Where is the mantle located?

• In the Earth's outer crust

• In the Earth's outer core

• Between the Earth's crust and outer core

• Between the Earth's outer core and inner core

Which best describes subduction?

• When two crustal plates collide to form a volcano

• When two crustal plates pull apart to form a chasm

• When a crustal plate is forced below another plate

• When a crustal plate fuses with another plate

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The Rocky Mountain system stretching from Canada to New Mexico is a string of mountains running along the western United States. What factors would most likely cause this arrangement of mountains?

• Intense pressure underneath a tectonic plate that could not break through the rock

• Subduction of a tectonic plate, which pushed up a neighboring plate into mountains

• Two plates located at a diverging boundary with a third plate rising between them

• Two plates that melted into molten rock, which later cooled into the shape of mountains

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What evidence exists to support the existence of Pangea?

• Fossils of aquatic animals are found on the tops of mountains.

• Rock strata on different, far-apart continents show similarities.

• Satellite images suggest that a single landmass existed on Earth.

• Tracks on the ocean floor show the paths of continental migration.

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The existence of Pangea is supported by evidence that similar fossils appear on different continents. How does this observation support the existence of Pangea?

• It shows that fossils can be relocated.

• It shows that organisms can migrate across oceans.

• It shows that similar animals can develop in different climates.

• It shows that the continents used to be closer together.

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Wegener's theory of continental drift was formulated at a time when evidence for it was lacking. What new evidence was Harry Hess able to add in support of this theory?

• African and South American coastlines are similar, providing evidence of their common origin.

• Seafloor spreading at the mid-ocean ridge provides the mechanism for tectonic plate movement.

• The Earth's mantle moves through convection, showing that tectonic plates are able to glide.

• The location of the plates was determined by locating their boundaries, using data on the Earth's magnetic field.

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The theory of plate tectonics was developed with the contribution of scientists from many different disciplines. Which of the following is a contribution from geophysicists?

• Deep-sea life evolved along the boundaries of tectonic plates.

• Detritus from dead marine animals on the ocean floor shows that new tectonic plates are constantly being formed.

• Earth's magnetic fields captured in the rock around deep-sea ridges show that fresh magma emerges between tectonic plates.

• Salinity levels on the ocean floor can rise and sink over several hundred million years.

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What is the name of an ancient volcano whose top has eroded away?

• Guyot

• Ridge

• Seamount

• Trench

What forms in the areas where oceanic plates diverge and new seafloor is created?

• Abyssal plains

• Continental shelf

• Continental slope

• Mid-ocean ridge

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