Unit 2: Cell Energy

During winter, what factors can reduce the rate of photosynthesis in evergreens such as pine trees? Choose ALL that apply.

• decreased carbon availability

• colder temperature

• less sunlight

• more water availability

• increased oxygen availability

  increased oxygen availability - no response given

Answer explanation

During winter it becomes colder than every other season because there's less sunlight which makes the rate of photosynthesis go down.

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Your body needs a constant supply of oxygen for cellular respiration to produce the ATP needed to fuel your body processes. When you exert yourself in a strenuous workout the oxygen demands of your muscle cells quickly outpace the oxygen your body can provide. Skeletal muscle cells that have an insufficient oxygen supply to allow aerobic respiration to continue will undergo lactic acid fermentation. Refer to the model above. Predict what changes will occur when your body shifts from aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration (lactic acid fermentation). Select ALL that apply.

• Cells use more glucose.

• Cells produce less ATP.

  Cells produce less ATP.

• Lactic acid is produced as a byproduct.

• Cells produce more carbon dioxide.

• Cells produce more ATP.

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Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily by the...

• eruption of volcanoes.

• fallout from solar flares.

• process of photosynthesis.

• respiration of consumers.

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Examine the model for two cellular organelles found in many eukaryotic cells. Which molecule(s) could be represented by the circle labeled Z that is produced as an output of the mitochondria and required by the chloroplast? Select ALL that apply.

• Letter Z could be carbon dioxide because it is produced in cellular respiration and is a reactant of photosynthesis.

• Letter Z could be a glucose molecule because it is produced in photosynthesis and is a reactant of cellular respiration.

• Letter Z could be a water molecule because it is produced in photosynthesis and is a reactant of cellular respiration.

• Letter Z could be a water molecule because it is produced in cellular respiration and is a reactant of photosynthesis.

• Letter Z could be an oxygen molecule because it is produced in cellular respiration and is a reactant of photosynthesis.

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The by-products of cellular respiration include...

• glucose and oxygen.

• glucose and carbon dioxide.

• carbon dioxide and water.

• energy and oxygen.

Which of these products is formed during the metabolic reactions of cellular respiration?

• oxygen

• water

• glucose

• fructose

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________________ are reactants in the process of cell respiration.

• Water and sugar

• Sugar and oxygen

• Water and oxygen

• Water and carbon dioxide

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Matter constantly cycles through the earth's spheres using many different processes. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two important processes in this cycling of matter. The products of photosynthesis are reactants in cellular respiration. The products of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis. This model shows the cycling of matter through these cycles. The model is unlabeled. Correctly label the products and reactants of cellular respiration. Choose ALL three that apply.

• D = O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆

• A = ATP

• B = O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆

• B = CO₂ + H₂O

• A = C₆H₁₂O₆

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Mr. Miller's biology class is studying cellular respiration. To model cellular respiration, they set up an experiment containing four flasks. Each flask is the same size and are stoppered and placed under a floodlight. Each flask also contains 200 mL of H₂0 and 2 mL of bromothymol blue. Bromothymol blue is a chemical indicator solution that changes color from blue to yellow in the presence of CO₂. The students then place a plant and fish into each flask according to the table above. Which flask(s) will turn yellow and why?

• Flask 2 (only) because the fish produce CO₂ as products of cellular respiration and do not undergo photosynthesis therefore not consuming CO₂.

• Flask 1 & 2 because there is only one process taking place in each of these flasks so the products do not get used up.

• Flask 1 & 3 because these flasks contain plants that undergo photosynthesis.

• Flask 3 (only) because this is the only flask in which photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both taking place.

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Evergreen needles have a thick outer coating, called a cuticle. Predict how this provides an advantage for photosynthesis.

• The cuticle holds in more glucose.

• The cuticle allows them to retain more water.

• The cuticle allows for enhanced gas exchange.

• The cuticle helps keep the tree cooler.

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