ACAP EPOM

Philip finds this information while doing research about margarine, which is a synthetic

food product.

● Hydrogenation is a process through which vegetable oil is changed from a liquid into a

solid. During hydrogenation, a chemical reaction occurs. Hydrogen is added under

pressure to the vegetable oil, resulting in a synthetic form of fat called trans fat. Trans

fats typically taste better and can be stored longer than natural vegetable oils. A food

product that results from hydrogenation is margarine.

● The Mayo Clinic website explains that margarines that contain trans fats increase the

risk of heart disease and increased levels of cholesterol in the blood. Trans fats also

reduce the amount of “good” cholesterol in the blood.

● Trans fats occur naturally in meat and dairy products. A 2009 report in Advances in

Nutrition suggests that trans fats from animal products, such as dairy, beef, and lamb,

may have beneficial health effects, including reducing the chance of developing heart

disease or cancer.

Which conclusion is best supported by the information that Philip gathered?

• Trans fats have little effect on your health.

• Experts recommend avoiding trans fats altogether.

• Research shows conflicting evidence of the effect of trans fats on human health.

• Trans fats produced by hydrogenation have the same overall effect on human health as

  naturally occurring trans fats.

Which model best represents a change that results from adding thermal energy to a substance in a jar?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

The graduated cylinder shown in the diagram below contains three liquids labeled 1, 2, and 3.

The objects (A, B, and C) in the cylinder are made from three different substances.

Based on the information, which of the following statements is correct?

• Object B is heavier than Object C.

• Object B is less dense than Liquid 1.

• Object B is less dense than Liquid 3.

• Objects B and C have the same density.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Gabbie is mixing vinegar and baking soda in a sealed plastic bag. The mass of all the contents in the bag before the vinegar touched the baking soda was 20.0 grams. Assuming that the bag is tightly sealed and that nothing escapes from the bag, what mass should Gabbie expect to see after the reaction occurs?

• Exactly 20.0 grams because no new matter is created. It is simply rearranged.

• Exactly 20.0 grams because vinegar and baking soda will be the only substances in the bag at the end of the reaction.

• Greater than 20.0 grams because new substances are likely to be formed.

• Greater than 20.0 grams because the bag will probably feel more dense than before the

  reaction took place.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

A student drew this molecular model to represent liquid water at 10°C.

How should the student change the model to best represent the water at 20°C?

• Show the water molecules packed more tightly together.

• Show some of the chemical bonds in the water molecules breaking.

• Show some of the water molecules forming chemical bonds with each other.

• Show the water molecules with longer arrows to represent an increase in motion.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A student is given two bottles, labeled A and B, that contain two different white solids. He

adds 2 grams of substance A to test tube A and 2 grams of substance B to test tube B. He then

adds 8 mL of a clear, colorless liquid to each tube and shakes both tubes until no white solid

can be seen in either of them. He then adds 2 more grams of substance A to test tube A and 2

more grams of substance B to test tube B. After shaking both tubes for a while, he let them

stand for a day. He then obtained the results shown in the picture below. Based on the results, which of the following statements is correct?

• In the clear, colorless liquid, solid A is more soluble than solid B.

• In the clear, colorless liquid, solid B is more soluble than solid A.

• In the clear, colorless liquid, solids A and B are both insoluble.

• Only 4 grams of solid B will dissolve in 8 mL of the liquid.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Students are drawing molecular models to illustrate conservation of mass. Christine decides to use light gray and dark gray circles to represent atoms of two different elements. Her drawing is shown below.

Which piece of evidence best supports that Christine failed to correctly illustrate conservation of mass?

• There are two types of compounds on the left and two types of compounds on the right.

• There are 10 dark gray atoms on the left and 10 dark gray atoms on the right

• There are 19 light gray atoms on the left and 14 light gray atoms on the right.

• The equation is considered balanced because Christine took the matter she started with

  and rearranged it to form new products.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Christopher was given an unknown substance. His lab instructions said to heat the substance

in a beaker for 10 minutes, let it cool for 10 minutes, and to record observations of the

substance before heating, after heating, and after cooling. Christopher’s observations are

included in the table below.

Based on Christopher’s observations, which claim and piece of evidence best supports whether

or not a chemical reaction took place?

• A reaction occurred because there was a phase change.

• A reaction occurred because there was a change in shape.

• A reaction did not occur because there must be a strong odor and phase change if a

  reaction has taken place.

• A reaction did not occur because no new products were formed. A phase change is a

  physical change and not a sign of a chemical reaction.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Kamal stirred two spoonfuls of red clay into a cup of water. Initially, the clay appeared to be evenly mixed throughout the water. The image below shows how the cup appeared several minutes after Kamal stopped stirring.

Based on the diagram, which term most accurately describes the clay and water?

• compound

• mixture

• solution

• pure substance

Model X and model Y both represent particles of the same substance.

Which would best describe a third model that would represent particles of the same substance

in a state of matter not represented by model X or model Y?

• The particles would be touching each other and would be located along the sides of the

  beaker only.

• The particles would be touching each other and would be located in the middle of the

  beaker only.

• The particles would not be touching each other and would fill the shape of the beaker but

  not escape it.

• The particles would not be touching each other and would fill the shape of the beaker

  and escape it.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1