Measuring Earth's Age and Forces that Change Earth's Surface

What piece of evidence supports the theory that volcanic eruptions formed Earth's early atmosphere?

• Volcanic eruptions are inversly proportional to local atmospheric pressure.

• Volcanoes expel gases with chemical compositions which closely match the ratios of gases in air not caused by photosynthesis.

• Volcanoes are clustered near the equator, so their gas output spreads over Earth's surface.

• Volcanoes expel a mixture of gases consisting almost entirely of water vapor and oxygen.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-6

According to the law, which numbered layer is the youngest?

• layer 1

• layer 4

• layer 2

• layer 3

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

How do scientists use radioactive dating as evidence to support that the Earth has evolved over geologic time?

• It shows how lava cools on Earth's surface

• The Earth's average temperature is increasing

• It helps determine the specific age of different rocks

• It shows which layers of sedimentary rock have formed from erosion.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-6

Which of the following would explain why scientists have found marine fossils buried under land?

• Changes in sea level have caused oceans to cover parts of the continents in the past

• The earth was once covered mostly in ice

• Earthquake activity have shifted fossils to areas they would not normally be found in

• Plate tectonics has caused a movement of continents

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

A new fossil is found in a rock layer in England. How can the fossils around it be used to help date the approximate age of the new fossil?

• Scientists use the fossils around the new fossil to find its relative age.

• Scientist use radioactive dating to get the EXACT age of the new fossil

• Scientists ask other scientists to date the fossils based on known information

• Scientists compare the new fossil directly to known fossils to find its age.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Torsten's science teacher asks him, "What would be an example from the present which provides the best evidence that Earth has changed over its geologic history?" Which example should Torsten choose?

• A poster with pictures of an alligator and crocodile because they have different and similar characteristics

• A classroom demonstration that models how a hurricane can cause beach erosion and change a coastline

• Fossils of trees and dinosaurs found in Antarctica because these living things would not survive there today

• An igneous rock because it represents changes as a result of cooling lava which was once magma within Earth's mantle.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

The dike and sills shown in the cross section are igneous intrusions. Which rock type is the oldest?

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Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Based on the graphs above, what conclusion can you make about the Peace River?

• Earthquakes have disturbed the layers of fossils in the Peace River.

• Twenty million years ago, land animals lived on islands in Peace River

• The area where Peace River now flows was part of a seafloor 20 million years ago

• Over time, the number of land animals in the Peace River area increased as they preyed on marine animals

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

How does the Theory of Plate Tectonics explain the location of these fossils?

• The continents were once joined together

• The animals developed independently on both continents

• The animals were able to swim from one continent to the other

• Humans transported the animals from point A to point B

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS4-1