Chapter 4 Review Questions

what are the two physical aspects of light, and how are they measured?

• light can be either colorful or not; as measured by its wavelength and purity

• light can be either fast of slow; as measured by its speed and wavelength

• light can be either bright or dark; as measured by its intensity and brightness

• light can be either a particle or a wave; as measured by its intensity and wavelength

how is the eye like a camera obscura?

• the eye can look in any direction

• the eye has light-tight walls and a pinhole

• the eye takes pictures on film

• the eyeball is empty

what are the optical components of the eye, and how do they contribute to the formation of an image?

• the eye’s optics include the sclera and choroid, which transduce light into an electrical code

• the eye’s optics include the retina and lens, which make light rays converge to a point

• the eye’s optics include the cornea and lens, which make light rays converge to a point

• the eye’s optics include the pupil and retina, which transduce light into an electrical code

how is the retina like a digital camera?

• the retina contains blood vessels

• the retina contains transducers

• there is no way that the retina is like a digital camera

• the retina is the same color as the film in a digital camera

why does the eye have a blind spot?

• the optic nerve has dead cells in it

• the lens grew cloudy

• the retina was damaged prenatally

• the path of the optic nerve made a hole in the retina

what kind of photoreceptor predominates in the fovea? What kind of photoreceptor predominates in the periphery?

• fovea: cone; periphery: rod

• fovea: cone; periphery: cone

• fovea: rod; periphery: cone

• fovea: rod; periphery: rod

what is top-down perception, and how do magicians rely on it?

• top-down perception is the ability to see things as they actually are, which magicians violate by showing tricks that can’t happen

• top-down perception is the tendency to impose expectations onto raw sensory data, which magicians exploit by violating expectations

• top-down perception is the appreciation of irony, which magicians exploit by inserting irony into their tricks

• top-down perception is an inability to see the world as it exists, which magicians exploit by showing tricks that are impossible

how does the experienced image of the world and the visual signal in the visual cortex differ?

• the experienced image is clearer than the visual signal in the visual cortex

• the experienced image contains coherent objects whereas the visual signal in visual cortex consists of simple features

• the experienced image is larger and clearer than the visual signal in the visual cortex

• the experienced image is larger than the visual signal in the visual cortex

what is the difference between trichromacy and color opponency?

• trichromacy explains how colors are represented in the rods whereas color opponency explains how colors are represented in the cones

• trichromacy has three primary colors whereas color opponency has two primary colors

• trichromacy can explain the way colors are represented on televisions and computer screens whereas color opponency can explain color aftereffects

• trichromacy explains how colors are represented in the retina whereas color opponency explains how colors are represented in the visual cortex

which (trichromacy or color opponency) is the correct version of how we see color?

• trichromacy is correct and color opponency is not

• color opponency is correct and trichromacy is not

• both trichromacy and color opponency are correct

• neither trichromacy nor color opponency are correct