Psychology Ch. 2.1 to 2.3 Checkup Quiz

Which part of the neuron carries messages to other cells?

• axon

• dendrite

• soma

• myelin

Answer explanation

axon tubelike structure of neuron that carries the neural message from the cell body to the axon terminals, for communication with other cells.

Which one of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?

• getting nutrients to the neurons

• generating action potentials

• cleaning up the remains of dead neurons

• generating myelin

Answer explanation

glial cells cells that provide support for the neurons to grow on and around, deliver nutrients to neurons, produce myelin to coat axons, clean up waste products and dead neurons, influence information processing, and, during prenatal development, influence the generation of new neurons

When a neuron’s resting potential is occurring, the neuron is __________ charged on the inside.

• positively

• negatively

• both positively and negatively

• neutrally

Answer explanation

The resting potential of neurons is about -70 mV. At resting potential concentration of ions is kept constant through Na+/K+ pumps. When the threshold is reached, the Na+ gated channel are opened.

Neurotransmitters must pass from an axon terminal to the next dendrite by crossing a fluid-filled space called the _______

• synapse

• neuron

• reuptake inhibitor

• glial cell

The venom of a black widow spider acts as a(n) __________ by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine.

• agonist

• protagonist

• antagonist

• glial cell

Answer explanation

What would happen if the neurons released too much ACh? The bite of a black widow spider does just that. Its venom stimulates the release of excessive amounts of ACh and causes convulsions and possible death. Black widow spider venom is an agonist

Which of the following is associated with pain relief?

• acetylcholine

• serotonin

• glutamate

• endorphins

Answer explanation

The name endorphin comes from the term endogenous morphine. (Endogenous means “native to the area”—in this case, native to the body.) Scientists studying the nervous system found receptor sites that fit morphine molecules perfectly and decided that there must be a natural substance in the body that has the same effect as morphine. Endorphins are one reason that heroin and the other drugs derived from opium are so addictive— when people take morphine or heroin, their bodies neglect to produce endorphins. When the drug wears off, they are left with no protection against pain at all, and everything hurts. This pain is one reason most people want more heroin, creating an addictive cycle of abuse.