APHUG Unit 4

The area shown with the dark shading is best identified as.....

• a functional region

• a stateless nation

• a regional free-trade zone

• a supranational organization

• a special economic zone

Local and regional autonomous governments and a separatist militia group have been established within the Basque region shown on the map. How do these local and regional governments compare with the national governments of Spain and France?

• Local and regional governments establish the foundations for new federal states within each of the larger independent states.

• Local and regional governments create a stronger geopolitical region and act as a centripetal force within the larger independent states.

• Local and regional governments create the potential for conflict and act as a centrifugal force within the larger independent states.

• Local and regional governments stabilize local communities, aligning the communities with the objectives of the larger independent states.

Which of the following describes a typical spatial relationship between federal and unitary states?

• Unitary states tend to be smaller than federal states.

• Federal states tend to have a more urban population than unitary states.

• Federal states tend to be smaller than unitary states.

• Federal states are more likely to be landlocked than unitary states.

Which of the following types of political boundaries best describe the border between the United States and Canada?

• Geometric

• Relict

• Militarized

• Gerrymandered

Despite the rise of supranationalism in Europe from 1955 to 1993, the number of independent political entities increased. Based on a comparison of the two maps shown, which of the following processes occurred in Europe during that time period?

• Annexation of smaller states into larger states

• Cultural globalization reducing ethnic differences

• Devolution of large states into smaller nation-states

• Territorial expansion of imperial states

The geopolitical setting of which of the following countries can be explained by its membership in the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War and its location along the European shatterbelt?

• Italy

• Belgium

• Switzerland

• Bulgaria

• France

In locations such as the Caribbean Sea, international borders between island states are determined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. These maritime boundaries can best be described as

• superimposed borders

• relict borders

• consequent borders

• subsequent borders

Which of the following best explains why the countries shown in the table experienced increases in economic productivity?

• Independence following the end of the Cold War and admission to the North American Treaty Organization (NATO)

• Self-determination following decline of communism and admission as member states to the European Union

• Irredentism in former communist states and political divisions among ethnic and religious groups

• The rise of Russia as an emerging world economy and the economic impacts on its nearby trading partners

The map shows the world’s newest country, South Sudan, formerly part of Sudan, and the Islamic region of Darfur, which is seeking some level of political autonomy within Sudan. In comparison with the east-west divide between Darfur and the rest of Sudan, which of the following centrifugal forces led South Sudan to seek independence from Sudan?

• Sudan established a military presence in the region of South Sudan following a referendum vote, prompting a conflict.

• Sudan and South Sudan’s border is a transition zone between Africa’s Islamic northern region and the Christian and animist regions of sub-Saharan Africa.

• South Sudan wanted a larger share of productive oil resources located in Ethiopia and Eritrea.

• Sudan filed for bankruptcy in the International Court, whereas South Sudan grew wealthy from international trade.

South Sudan gained its independence in 2011, reshaping the boundaries of Sudan. Which of the following best explains the implications of the shaded area shown on the map in Darfur?

• Devolution is likely in Sudan as the country is a multinational state with no distinct majority group.

• Like South Sudan, Darfur has gained its independence and is now a sovereign nation-state.

• Sudan has a large population with a distinct majority group and further devolution is unlikely.

• Darfur is a region of ethnic difference and political instability where devolution is likely.