Attachment - Concepts only

An alert phase signals when a baby is

• ready to be put to sleep

• ready to be fed

• ready for interaction

• wide awake

Reciprocity describes when

• a child responds to their caregiver immediately, mirroring behaviour at the same time

• a child responds to their caregiver and expects a response back from them

• a child responds to their caregiver with a smile

• a child responds to their caregiver and does not expect a response from them

Tronick et al investigated reciprocity in the still face experiment and found that...

• a child rarely enjoys the reciprocity taking place within an interaction

• a child becomes angered when they cannot reciprocate correctly

• a child dislikes reciprocity when a mother is interacting with them

• a child becomes hugely distressed when the mother stops reciprocity in an interaction

Meltzof investigated interactional synchrony and found babies as young as 2 wks old

• observed the actions of a caregiver and imitated them simultaneously

• observed the actions of a caregiver and imitated then after some delay

• observed the actions of a caregiver and chose to ignore them

• observed the actions of a caregiver and were unable to imitate them at the same time

A strength of such well controlled observations is that the studies ....

• do not allow for any inferences to be made

• are not recorded and can not be viewed for accuracy numerous times

• are on children, who are unaware they are being observed, i.e. no demand characteristics

• allow you to establish cause and effect

A limitation of observational research on reciprocity and interactional synchrony is that...

• though these behaviours are observed we cannot be sure what we are seeing is true

• these behaviours could be described as something else

• both these behaviours could be exaggerated by the infant

• though both these behaviours are seen in an interaction, we do not know what purpose they serve

Research by Isabella et al found an association between....

• the level of reciprocity and the quality of the attachment

• the level of interactional synchrony and the quality of the attachment

• the amount of reciprocal actions in an interaction and the relationship

• the number of distress behaviours and the quality of the attachment

3 behaviours which signify attachment are...

• proximity, nurturing, base behaviour

• proximity, anxiety distress, secure base behaviour

• clinginess, separation anxiety, secure behaviour

• proximity, separation distress, secure base behaviour

Attachment refers to ....

• a close 2 way emotional bond between 2 people, in which each sees the other as essential for emotional security

• a close 2 way emotional bond between 3 people, in which all see the others as essential for emotional security

• a close 2 way bond between 2 people, in which their is a need for provision

• a close 2 way secure bond, in which the need for safety is vital

Research into infant - caregiver interactions comes from...

• Meltzof, Moore, Tronick

• Tronick, Meltzo, Isabelle

• Meltzoff, Isabella, Tronick

• Melo, Isabelle, Tronick