Unit 5B Test Review

Which Enlightenment author wrote The Social Contract?

• John Locke

• Voltaire

• Rousseau

• Montesquieu

What did John Locke consider to be the natural rights of man?

• Life, Liberty, Faithfulness

• Safety, Liberty, Happiness

• Prosperity, Happiness, Life

• Life, Liberty, Property

What Enlightenment idea MOST influenced authors and philosophers such as Voltaire?

• Religion and politics should be separate

• Liberty and equality are natural human rights

• The middle class should play a role in politics

• Truth is found through science rather than faith

Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke both agreed that a government should be based on the: 

• separation of nationalities

• religious values of the people

• Equal distribution of wealth

• Consent of the governed

Base your answer to the following question on the passage below.

"... Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator."

—Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws 

In this passage, Montesquieu is making reference to:

• An enlightened despotism

• A policy of mercantilism

• A separation of powers

• A social contract

Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning point in world history?

• The factory system was used to mass-produce goods.

• Martin Luther broke away from the Roman Catholic Church.

• Europeans changed their thinking about the role of government.

• The Columbian exchange occurred

Base your answer to the following questions on the speaker’s statements below.

Speaker A: “ I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to the death your right to say it”.

Speaker B: Government has no other end, but the preservation of property.

Speaker C: Man is born free, and everywhere he is in shackles.

Which historical figure expressed ideas that are most similar to SPEAKER B?

• John Locke

• Napoleon

• Louis XIV (14th)

• Thomas Hobbes

Base your answer to the following questions on the speaker’s statements below.

Speaker A: “ I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to the death your right to say it”.

Speaker B: Government has no other end, but the preservation of property.

Speaker C: Man is born free, and everywhere he is in shackles.

Which historical period is best represented in the ideas expressed by these speakers?

• The Counter Reformation

• The Enlightenment

• The Age of Exploration

• The Age of Napoleon

Which of the following is an example of how Peter the Great of Russia and Louis XIV of France ruled as monarchs?

• They were both born to royal families, but their powers were limited by a constitution.

• They both established their nation’s independence by fighting off previous rulers.

• They both strengthened the position of the church because they believed it was a very important unifying force among the people.

• They both invested money in elaborate spending projects that enhanced their own image at the expense of their people.

Which of the following BEST explains why Russia might identify as more European than Asian?

• Many Russian nobles moved to Europe and established their own settlements.

• Russia sides with Europe on many important political issues.

• Most of Russia’s landmass is within European boundaries.

• Peter the Great encouraged, and at times demanded, adoption of European culture.