Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Which is the correct order for the cardiac conduction system?

• Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, purkinje fibres, bundles of his.

• Atrioventricular node, sinoatrial node, purkinje fibres, bundles of his.

• Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of his, purkinje fibres.

• Atrioventricular node, sinoatrial node, bundle of his, purkinje fibres.

Which of the following is a hormone that affects heart rate?

• Chemoreceptors

• Adrenaline

• Baroreceptors

• Proprioceptors

What is Starling's Law?

• A decrease in heart rate to below 60bpm.

• The number of times the heart beats per minute.

• The thickening of the muscular wall of the heart.

• An increase in stretch of cardiac fibres leading to higher contraction force and ejection fraction.

Which is the correct definition for atherosclerosis?

• When arteries harden and narrow as they become blocked with fatty deposits.

• A fatty deposit found in the inner lining of an artery.

• Chest pain that occurs when the blood supply to the coronary arteries is restricted.

• When the supply of blood to the brain is cut off.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristics of cardiovascular drift?

• Occurs after 10 minutes of prolonged exercise.

• Caused by the loss of sweat, leading to the blood becoming viscous.

• Leads to an increase in stroke volume.

• Leads to increased venous return to the heart.

Venous return is caused by which factors? Select all that apply.

• Skeletal muscle pump.

• Bohr Shift.

• Pocket valves.

• Gravity.

The Bohr shift is caused by which factors?

• Increased body temperature, partial pressure of O2 and high pH of the blood.

• Increased blood temperature, vasodilation of blood vessels and lower pH of the blood.

• Increased body temperature, partial pressure of O2 and lower pH of the blood.

• Increased blood temperature, partial pressure of Co2 and lower pH of the blood.

During inspiration, which of the following muscles are used at rest?

• Diaphragm

• External Intercostals

• Scalenes

• Pectoralis Minor

Define inspiratory reserve volume

• Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after maximum expiration.

• Volume of air breathed in or out per minute.

• Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath.

• Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration.

In gaseous exchange, what must be present?

• A concentration gradient allowing movement from high to low partial pressures.

• The movement of Co2 into the muscle and O2 into the lungs.

• A concentration gradient allowing movement from low to high partial pressures.