BIOLOGY transcription/translation

What is protein synthesis?

• the process of breaking down proteins for fuel the cells use

• how proteins are arranged in from a sequence of amino acids

• the process cells use to make proteins through transcription and translation

• the process of breaking apart peptide bonds to create a large sequence of amino acids

why is protein synthesis needed?

• to synthesize DNA and degrade portions of DNA that are "junk" DNA

• we need proteins to function. They make up the cell structure and the enzymes that allow chemical reactions to occur

• it is needed for a start codon to initiate transcription

• to break down amino acids after translation occurs

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

What are the names of the 2 parts of protein synthesis?

• Elongation

  Termination

• Initiation

  Elongation

• Codon

  Anticodon

• Transcription

  Translation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Describe how transcription happens (transcription= DNA to mRNA)

• 1. RNA Pol binds to promoter sequence

  2. Uses one DNA strand as template to make mRNA transcript

• 1. RNA Pol binds to ribosomal subunit

  2. rRNA from subunit is read to make mRNA transcript

• 1. DNA Pol is transported to the cytoplasm

  2. One DNA strand is used as a template to make mRNA transcript

• 1. DNA Pol binds to start codon

  2. each codon is read and once stop codon is reached, mRNA is synthesized

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Where in the cell does transcription happen?

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Golgi apparatus

Describe how translation occurs

• 1. amino acid attaches to DNA sequence

  2. tRNA reads each codon to grow the amino acid chain

  3. once stop codon reached, polypeptide chain is released

• 1. RNA pol attaches to promoter sequence

  2. DNA is translated to mRNA

  3. sequence is translated into protein

• 1. amino acid attaches to start codon on mRNA

  2. each codon is read to grow the amino acid chain

  3. once stop codon reached, new polypeptide chain is released

Where in the cell does translation occur?

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Golgi apparatus

What are the 4 RNA bases?

• A (adenine)

  T (Thymine)

  G (Guanine)

  G (Glycine)

• A (adenine)

  U (uracil)

  A (Alanine)

  C (Cytosine)

• A (adenine)

  T (Thymine)

  C (Cytosine)

  G (Guanine)

• A (adenine)

  U (uracil)

  C (Cytosine)

  G (Guanine)

Name the 3 types of RNA

• mRNA

  dRNA

  rRNA

• mRNA

  tRNA

  rRNA

• mRNA

  tRNA

  cRNA

• mRNA

  dRNA

  tRNA

draw each type of RNA

• see picture, practice drawing each type

• see picture, practice drawing each type