5.6 TQ Industrialization: Global Role

Which of the following countries early adopted policies that encouraged the use of industrialized innovations to boost textile productivity?

• China

• Egypt

• Both China and Egypt

• Neither China nor Egypt

Answer explanation

The correct answer is B) Egypt. The passage states that "Egypt and some other countries early adopted policies that encouraged the use of industrialized innovations, such as the steam engine, to boost textile productivity." This implies that Egypt was one of the countries that early adopted policies to encourage the use of industrialized innovations to boost textile productivity.

Which of the following best describes the main reasons for the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

• A lack of adoption of Western technology and Enlightenment ideas

• Corruption and ethnic nationalism among the population

• Russian expansion into Ottoman territory

• all of the above.

What were the two great humiliations that China suffered at the hands of Europeans in the 19th century?

• The Opium War and the Boxer Rebellion

• The Opium War and the split into "spheres of influence"

• The Taiping Rebellion and the split into "spheres of influence"

• The Taiping Rebellion and the Boxer Rebellion

Answer explanation

The correct answer is B) The Opium War and the split into "spheres of influence".

The Opium War refers to the First Opium War, which was fought between China and Great Britain from 1839 to 1842. The war was sparked by China's efforts to end the opium trade, which was being controlled by British merchants and had become a major problem within China. The war ended with the Treaty of Nanking, which forced China to open several of its ports to foreign trade and cede Hong Kong to Great Britain.

The split into "spheres of influence" refers to the division of China into areas of control by different foreign powers, a process that began in the late 19th century and continued into the early 20th century. This division of China was the result of unequal treaties and agreements between China and foreign powers, and it effectively limited China's sovereignty and autonomy.

The Taiping Rebellion and the Boxer Rebellion were both significant events in China's history, but they occurred in different centuries. The Taiping Rebellion was a massive civil war that lasted from 1850 to 1864, while the Boxer Rebellion was a short-lived uprising in 1900 against foreign influence and presence in China.

Which of the following best describes Japan's response to Western challenges in the late 19th century?

• Japan actively sought Western innovations to become the equal of Western countries

• Japan retreated from Western influence and focused on maintaining independence and territorial integrity

• Japan adopted Western culture and customs in order to assimilate

• Japan became a colony of Western powers

Answer explanation

The answer is A) Japan actively sought Western innovations to become the equal of Western countries. The passage states that in contrast to other countries, the central government in Japan grew stronger in its struggle to maintain independence and territorial integrity in the face of Western challenges. It also mentions that Japan actively sought Western innovations that it felt would help make it the equal of Western countries, as indicated by a quote from Emperor Meiji's letter to President Grant. This choice is supported by the passage and accurately reflects the passage's main idea.

What were some of the problems that the Ottoman Empire faced in the 1800s?

• Palace coups and declining trade

• Weakening leadership and modernization issues

• Overexpansion and failure to modernize

• All of the above.

Who was selected to be the new governor of Egypt after the conflict with the Mamluks in 1801?

• The sultan

• The Mamluks

• An Albanian Ottoman officer named Muhammad Ali

• The local leaders

Answer explanation

The passage states that in 1801, an Ottoman army was sent by the sultan to retake Egypt from the Mamluks, who had been ruling the region for 600 years. During the conflict, an Albanian Ottoman officer named Muhammad Ali rose to prominence and was selected by local leaders to be the new governor of Egypt. The sultan, who had little power in the region, was unable to do anything but agree to the selection. Therefore, the correct answer is C) An Albanian Ottoman officer named Muhammad Ali.

What was the main focus of Ali Pasha's reforms in Egypt?

• Creating an official newspaper

• Building schools

• Reforming the military on a European model

• All of the above

What was the main goal of Ali's tax reform in Egypt?

• To increase the amount of agricultural land controlled by the government

• To raise money for the government through the export of cotton and other agricultural products

• To secularize religious lands

• To increase the profits during the Napoleonic wars.

Answer explanation

The main goal of Ali's tax reform in Egypt was to raise money for the government through the export of cotton and other agricultural products. In order to achieve this goal, he taxed the peasants at such a high rate that they were forced to give up their lands to the state. By controlling the valuable cotton production, the government was able to make money on the export of cotton and other agricultural products. Additionally, by secularizing religious lands, more agricultural produce came under the control of the government, resulting in large profits during the period of the Napoleonic wars, when prices for wheat were high in Europe. So the correct answer is B) To raise money for the government through the export of cotton and other agricultural products.

Which of the following is not something Muhammad Ali did to push for industrialization in Egypt?

• Built textile factories to compete with those of the French and British

• Built armament factories in Cairo

• Set up ship building facilities in Alexandria

• Established a national park system.

Answer explanation

The correct answer is D) Established a national park system. This is not something that Muhammad Ali did to push for industrialization in Egypt. According to the passage, he built textile factories, armament factories, and ship building facilities in various cities in Egypt in order to promote industrialization and make Egypt more self-sufficient. Establishing a national park system is not mentioned as one of his actions, and it would not be directly related to industrialization.

Why did the European imperial powers want to establish trade with Japan in the late 1800s?

• To sell goods in Japan

• To refuel their coal-powered ships as they sailed to and from China and East Asia

• Both A and B

• Neither A nor B

Answer explanation

The correct answer is c) Both A and B. The passage states that the European imperial powers, such as Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Russia, wanted to establish trade with Japan in the late 1800s because they wanted to sell goods in Japan and also because in the age of coal-powered ships, they wanted to be able to refuel in Japan as they sailed to and from China and other parts of East Asia.