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What was the earliest recognized computing device? When and where was it invented? What general purpose did it serve?

• The abacus invented in Mesopotamia in 2500 BCE. It was a hand operated calculator that helps add and subtract numbers
• Python allocates enough space in memory to hold the value; then puts all the characters into the spaces that are defined to hold the string
• the beginning character of a string corresponds to index 0 and the last character corresponds to the index (length of string)-1
• a sequence or set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to execute

What was the name of the device invented by Gottfried Leibniz and when was it invented?

• a construct in Python
• ex: calcBMI(94,7): has values
• runs its code once before checking the condition and runs again only if the condition is true
• The Step Reckoner invented in 1694

What was an inherent limitation of the range table?

• TF = T
• ex: calcBMI(x,y) : no value
• Invented by Tommy Flowers
• If you changed the design of the cannon or shell, a whole new table would have to be computed

What are two inventions suggested by Charles Babbage?

• if you have "hello" + myName (puts the strings together)
• The Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine
• input devices, processing devices, output devices and memory (storage) devices
• purpose the break statement is to break out of a loop early. Used to terminate the processing of a particular case within a switch statement

Considered the "father" of computing

• developed a new electrical component called a Thermionic Valve which housed two electrodes inside a glass bulb
• variables that are only "added" to through an associative and commutative operation and can therefore be efficiently supported in parallel. They can be used to implement counters or sums
• Considered the "father" of computing
• The Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine

What was the primary use of Hollerith computers?

• Strings are immutable (unchangeable): Python releases it's reservation on the memory that holds your first value, and creates a new reservation in memory for your second value and repoints your variable there
• if you have "hello" + myName (puts the strings together)
• It used traditional mechanical systems for keeping count. It used punch cards with a grid of locations that were punched out to represent data
• Programming languages are one kind of computer language, and are used in computer programming to implement algorithms

How long did additions, subtractions, multiplications and divisions take on the Harvard Mark 1?

• If you changed the design of the cannon or shell, a whole new table would have to be computed
• []
• loop through the list items by using a while loop. Use the len() function to determine the length of the list, then start at 0 and loop your way through the list items by referring to their indexes. Remember to increase the index by 1 after each iteration
• It could do 3 additions or subtractions per second, multiplications took 6 seconds, and divisions took 15 seconds

What is the etymology of the term "computer bug?"

• The machines would attract insects. Grace Hopper said "from now on, when anything went wrong with a computer, we said it had bugs in it"
• num1 (right after def main): before any if statements, loops, etc.
• Float, string, boolean, and integer
• Input

Was "Colossus" an electronic computer or a mechanical computer? What was the use of "Colossus" during World War II? Who invented it?

• permits a one way flow of current
• Considered the "father" of computing
• It was an electronic computer. It helped to decrypt Nazi communications
• A compiler takes the program code (source code) and converts the source code to a machine language module (called an object file) Another specialized program, called a linker, combines this object file with other previously compiled object files to create an executable file

Invented by Tommy Flowers

• Invented by Tommy Flowers
• The Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine
• and : TT = T
• It was an electronic computer. It helped to decrypt Nazi communications