Byzantine Icons and Manuscripts

What is an "Icon"?

• Icon means "image"

• Icon means "spiritual"

• Icon means "portrait"

• Icon means "painting"

Earlier Christian art had relied more on...

• strict body image rules

• allegory and symbolism

• Greco-Roman traditions

The social belief in the importance of the destruction of icons and other images or monuments, most frequently for religious or political reasons is called?

• Iconoclasm

• Aniconism

• Iconolatry

• Slighting

Why statues in the round were avoided by Christians?

• they could not convey spirituality

• they were prohibited with Edict of Milan

• they were too close to pagan cult practices

Why icons' symbolism was strictly regulated?

• icons were supposed to glorify royal power

• icons were supposed to be more aesthetic

• icons were supposed to manifest the unique presence of the Saints

What is the symbolism of angel wings on icons?

• angels have wings because they are messengers

• angels have wings because they are heavenly forces

• angels have wings because they are very spiritual figures

• angels have wings due to biblical traditions

When the revival of illustrated manuscripts began in Byzantium

• During the late 9th and 10th centuries

• During the 11th and 12th centuries

• During the Iconoclasm

• During Constantine period

What does the golden color symbolize?

• Gold represents the radiance of Heaven

• Gold represents the royal power

• Gold represents the glory of Byzantine

• Gold represents the wealth of Heaven

Early Byzantine icons were appeared very lifelike as were...

• Sidon Sarcophagus

• Greek masks

• Egyptian funerary portraits