TOPIC 8: DENTAL MEDICINE IN THE 18th CENTURY

What was the philosophy of knowledge that said that all knowledge came from observation through the senses, which fit well with anatomy?

• Mechanicism

• Sensualism

• Vitalism

• Empirism

But the value of anatomy remained averse to human remains and, consequently, to medicine remained relative: Why?

• Because dissections continued to be considered as a vile act.

• Because it was difficult to apply the knowledge gained from dissections.

• Doctors could not diagnose internal changes until the patient had died, nor could they correct them.

• All are correct.

What is physiology?

• the study of the vital functions of living things.

• the reduction of life to a set of physical and chemical forces.

• a method of investigation focused on the reason why something exists or occurs.

• knowledge obtained by pure observation of the search for first and ultimate causes.

What is the name given to the current that according to Descartes' mechanical laws the body was considered as a machine, making physical comparisons and how chemistry could simulate biological processes?

• Sensualism

• Mechanicism

• Yatromechanism

• Machinerism

Countries such as France and Germany developed laws during the 18th century that required dentists to be examined and licensed. Why?

• To protect the population from charlatans

• To establish an education and professionalism

• To make dentistry a single profession

• All are correct

Which book does Pierre Fouchard wrote in 1723 that was the most important book on dentistry up to that time?

• Le Grand Thomas

• On the Motion of the Heart

• De Humanis corporis fabrica

• Le chirurgien dentiste

In his great book Fouchard covered the entire field of dentistry and many of his ideas and procedures are still current: Which of them is untrue?

• He dealt with dental anatomy and morphology, as well as anomalies of the teeth.

• He discussed dental caries, its causes and its prevention, embracing the worm theory.

• He investigated oral pathology in great detail, citing numerous cases and the treatment he had recommended.

• He stressed the importance of preserving deciduous teeth until the time came for them to fall out.

Who advised extraction of the first premolar to alleviate crowding of the mouth and described how to put misaligned teeth back in place by attaching them with threads to an ivory splint?

• Pierre Fouchard

• Etienne Bourdett

• John Hunter

• Denis Diderot

Alexis Duchateau was a pharmacist who noticed that ivory dentures tended to stain and smell. To try to solve this, he tried to create a porcelain denture. However, not being a dentist was a problem for him, so he teamed up with a dentist in Paris What is the name of this dentist and what was the invention eventually called?

• Nicolás Dubois Chemant. Freshy paste dentures.

• Robert Bunon. Non-smelly dentures.

• Nicolás Dubois Chemant. Mineral paste dentures.

• Nicolás Dubois Chemant. Anti-stain dentures.

John Hunter explained the advantages of transplanting the teeth of a living human directly into the jaw of another human and his great prestige led to the acceptance of this dubious practice. However, this type of transplantation would fall into disuse. Why?

• Because of the advent of mineral or porcelain teeth.

• The risk of disease transmission and the bad public opinion.

• Repeated failures in transplants.

• All are correct