CS NEW Chapter 4 Processors Key terms words ALL

Machine code

• the programming language that the CPU uses.
• indicates the status of a bit in the status register, for example, N = 1 indicates the result of an addition gives a negative value.
• external connection to a computer which allows it to communicate with various peripheral devices. A number of different port technologies exist.
• the programming language that the CUP uses.
• a computer program after translation into machine code.

Instruction

• a single operation performed by a CPU.
• group of bits used by a computer to represent a single unit.
• a computer program that translates programming code written in assembly language into machine code. Assemblers can be one pass or two pass.
• component in the processor which carries out all arithmetic and logical operations.
• mode of addressing in which the contents of the memory location in the operand are used.

Assembly language

• a low level chip/machine specific programming language that uses mnemonics.
• computer architecture which introduced the concept of the stored program in the 1940s.
• used when an instruction requires some form of arithmetic or logical processing.
• clock speeds are measured in terms of GHz; this is the vibrational frequency of the clock which sends out pulses along the control bus a 3.5 GHZ clock cycle means 3.5 billion clock cycles a second.
• component in the processor which carries out all arithmetic and logical operations.

Opcode

• short for operation code, the part of a machine code instruction that identifies the action the CPU will perform.
• part of HDMI technology which reduces risk of piracy of software and multimedia.
• used when an instruction requires some form of arithmetic or logical processing.
• group of bits used by a computer to represent a single unit.
• external connection to a computer which allows it to communicate with various peripheral devices. A number of different port technologies exist.

Operand

• the part of a machine code instruction that identifies the data to be used by the CPU.
• a register used to contain the instruction which is currently being executed or decoded.
• a register used to contain the instruction which is currently being executed or decoded.
• type of port connecting devices to a computer.
• mode of addressing used in assembly language programming, where a label is used instead of a value.

Source code

• a computer program before translation into machine code.
• used to describe a bus in which bits can travel in one direction only.
• to automatically take readings from a device, then use the data from those readings to adjust the device.
• mode of addressing used in assembly language programming, where a label is used instead of a value.
• type of port connecting devices to a computer.

Assembler

• a computer program that translates programming code written in assembly language into machine code. Assemblers can be one pass or two pass.
• a single operation performed by a CPU.
• a single operation performed by a CPU.
• a CPU containing four cores.
• carries signals from control unit to all other computer components.

Instruction set

• the complete set of machine code instructions used by a CPU.
• all interrupts are given a priority so that the processor knows which need to be serviced first and which interrupts are to be dealt with quickly.
• bits are shifted to the right.
• holds all data and programs needed to be accessed by the control unit.
• carries signals from control unit to all other computer components.

Object code

• a computer program after translation into machine code.
• a single operation performed by a CPU.
• a CPU containing four cores.
• carries signals from control unit to all other computer components.
• carries the addresses throughout the computer system.

Addressing modes

• different methods of using the operand part of a machine code instruction as a memory address.
• bits are shifted to the left.
• used to describe a bus in which bits can travel in both directions.
• the programming language that the CPU uses.
• no bits are lost, bits shifted out of one end of the register are introduced at the other end of the register.