Unit 1 Physical Education Revision

Ligaments connect

• bones to other bones

• muscles to bones

• cartilage to bone

• none of the above

When using anatomical terms, which of the following is correct?

• The hamstrings are superior to the quadriceps

• The knee joint is inferior to the hip joint

• The elbow is lateral to the wrist

• The ears are medial to the chin

Which of the following bones does not belong to the appendicular skeleton?

• sacrum

• humerus

• ulna

• tibia

Reciprocal inhibition best describes

• how one muscle contracts to act as a stabiliser during movement

• how during flexion muscles shorten and how during extension the same muscle lengthens

• why bones stop growing once the end plate becomes fused at about 18 to 20 years of age

• how one muscle contracts and its 'opposite' relaxes during movement

Motor neurons

• are made up of motor units and the fibres that these control

• for slow-twitch fibres are smaller than those for fast-twitch fibres

• bring messages back to the brain

• transmit messages from the brain to the muscles

The three recognised methods of stretching are

• Static, active, PNF

• PNF, pilates, static

• Active, passive, isometric

• static, dynamic/ballistic and PNF

When considering the blood vessels that make up the vascular system, which statement is TRUE?

• Vasoconstriction will cause the blood vessels to increase blood flow to body parts

• Arteries will contain higher concentrations of oxygen than veins

• Veins carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body

• Diastolic blood pressure will usually be 40 mmHg higher than systolic blood pressure

During inspiration, the

• diaphragm contracts and the intercostals relax

• intercostals contract and the diaphragm relaxes

• diaphragm contracts and the intercostals contract

• intercostals relax and the diaphragm relaxes

Steady state occurs when

• heart rate equals 220 minus age

• oxygen supply to thee muscles is equal with oxygen demand

• oxygen diffusion from the lungs to the capillaries moves across a gradient

• there is a steady flow of oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body

Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying

• heart rate and respiratory rate

• stroke volume and heart rate

• systolic blood pressure and heart rate

• stroke volume and tidal volume