Between 800 and 900 C.E., parts of Europe were invaded by Vikings, Magyars, and

• Muslims

• Vandals

• Finns

• Gauls

Europe's seas and rivers played an important part in Europe's growth because they provided both opportunities for trading with economies and

• invading other lands

• protection

• converting distant groups to Catholicism

• combining kingdoms

Match the following

• excommunicate

• to exclude a person from church membership

• Otto I

• German king the pope declared emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

• Aachen

• capital of Charlemagne's empire

• fjord

• an inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep slopes

Which was a Germanic people who settled the area known today as France?

• Saxons

• Angles

• Franks

• Celts

Charlemagne created a general policy that brought what to his people?

• freedom

• equality

• religion

• education

Match the following

• Might be beaten if the nobles didn't like the performance

• peasant

• Protected the castle

• Blacksmith

• Hammered hot iron into nails, pots, pans, and tools

• Knights

• Gave a share of their crops to the nobles

• Jesters

• Learned how to use many different weapons

• Lord

Match the following

• Was born into royalty

• Jesters

• Worked on the land that surrounded the castle

• Blacksmith

• Started training at 7 years old

• Knight

• Worked as entertainers

• Lord

• Apprenticed for several years to learn his trade

• Peasants

Match the following

• Responsible for growing enough food for the whole kingdom

• Jesters

• Served the king and lord; were trained fighters;

• Knight

• Told jokes and did funny tricks

• Blacksmith

• Made many of the everyday items needed on the manor

• Lord

• Responsible for running the castle and the manor

• Peasant

Match the following

• Made many of the weapons that knights needed to protect the kingdom

• Jesters

• Some traveled to new places

• Lord

• Wore heavy armor into battle; completed his training at 21 years old

• Blacksmith

• Worked in the fields plowing, sowing, and harvesting crops

• Knight

• Served his king and the Church

• Peasant

Ladies roles in the middle ages were the following (Select 4)

• Responsible for managing the household

• Traveled to new places

• Raised the noble children

• Was married to a noble

• Lived in a castle