respiratory system pathophysiology

Which of the following diseases are included in the term COPD? 

• Emphysema 

• Chronic bronchitis

• Lung cancer

• Emphysema and Chronic bronchitis

How is COPD treated?  

• Bronchodilators 

• Inhaled corticosteroids

• Supplemental oxygen

• All of them

COPD is reversible and tends to happens gradually.

• True

• False

A patient is presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The patient has a chronic productive cough with dyspnea on excretion. Arterial blood gases show a low oxygen level and high carbon dioxide level in the blood. On assessment, the patient has cyanosis in the lips and edema in the abdomen and legs. Based on your  knowledge and the patient's symptoms, you suspect the patient suffers from what type of COPD? 

• Emphysema 

• Pneumonia

• Chronic bronchitis

• Pneumothorax

A patient with emphysema may present with all of the following symptoms EXCEPT? 

• Barrel chest 

• Hyperinflation of the lungs

• Hypoventilation

• Hypercapnia 

Long-term exposure to which of the following can increase the risk for COPD? 

• Airborne chemicals 

• Pollutants

• Lung irritants 

• All of them