Unit 4 ap world history mcqs

The author uses all of the following as evidence to support his argument about the impact of smallpox on Native American populations EXCEPT

• A

  many Native Americans who contracted smallpox died from it

• B

  the English settlers tried to help the Native Americans who were afflicted with smallpox

• C

  the Native Americans feared smallpox more than any other disease

• D

  smallpox was widespread among Native Americans

The author invokes which of the following to support his claim that smallpox’s impact on European settlers was different from its impact on Native Americans?

• A

  Pseudoscientific theories of European racial superiority

• B

  Evidence from population genetics

• C

  Ideas about the role of divine providence in human affairs

• D

  Protestant ideas about hard work and economic success as markers of personal virtue

The passage implies that the author was aware of smallpox being an infectious disease. Which of the following can best be cited as evidence of that claim?

• A

  The author’s statement that Native Americans lived in a “trading house” near the English settlement

• B

  The author’s statement that smallpox was so debilitating that those afflicted with it could not “make a fire, or fetch water to drink”

• C

  The author’s statement that the English settlers “took pity” at the sight of the Native Americans’ suffering

• D

  The author’s statement that no English settlers fell ill, even though “many performed these favors for the Indians for weeks”

The contents of the letter are best understood in the context of which of the following aspects of the historical situation in sub-Saharan Africa in the early 1600s?

• A

  Political, religious, and economic rivalries shaped European colonial policies in Africa.

• B

  State centralization in Europe led to a change from joint-stock company control to direct imperial control in many colonial territories

• C

  The arrival of Europeans led to the conquest and destruction of many native African states.

• D

  Religious conflicts stemming from the spread of Islam from North Africa made sub-Saharan African states vulnerable to European conquest.

The point of view expressed by the Dutch West India Company’s directors in the letter can best be described as

• A

  evenhanded in describing the benefits and detriments of various proposed options to the States General

• B

  shaped by views of European cultural and religious superiority over African peoples, which the States General representatives would have been likely to share

• C

  dismissive in its evaluation of the military and strategic importance of the kingdom of Kongo to the Netherlands

• D

  seeking to steer the States General representatives into taking action that would benefit the company financially

The report’s position on the proposed transfer of Luanda to the Dutch is best understood in light of the authors’ goal to

• A

  secure profits from the rapidly expanding trans-Atlantic slave trade

• B

  highlight the gender and family imbalances created by the slave trade

• C

  recommend that the company expand its operations to the Indian Ocean and the spice islands of Southeast Asia

• D

  offer a comparison between the profitability of East African versus West African slave trade routes

Which of the following best describes the author’s argument in the first paragraph?

• A

  The demographic makeup of Barbadian society and the structure of its economy make existing punishments for enslaved people justified.

• B

  Barbadian enslaved people are punished more leniently than those working on the larger plantations of French Caribbean islands.

• C

  Plantation owners who punish enslaved people too harshly are not fulfilling their duties as Christians to treat the less fortunate kindly.

• D

  The punishments of enslaved people in Barbados are the result of a long experience of deadly uprisings and anti-planter violence on the island.

Which of the following best describes the author’s claim in the second paragraph?

• A

  The extensive mining of precious metals on Caribbean islands has destroyed the islands’ natural environment.

• B

  Despite the small size of Barbadian plantations, the landowners on Barbados are very wealthy.

• C

  Enslaved people’s political grievances are threatening the political order in American colonial societies.

• D

  Barbadian plantation owners are the wealthiest social group in the Caribbean.

Which of the following is an implicit argument made by the author in the passage?

• A

  The current political and economic makeup of European colonies in the Caribbean is not sustainable over the long term.

• B

  Christianity will provide a solution to the social ills of colonial societies in the Caribbean.

• C

  Coerced labor systems have allowed a minority of the population of Caribbean colonial societies to reap enormous economic benefits.

• D

  It is incumbent upon France to try to wrest control of Barbados from Great Britain.

As outlined in the passage, the provisions of the agreement can best be used to illustrate which of the following aspects of state building in Eurasia in the period circa 1450–1750 ?

• A

  Mercantilist philosophy continued to inform the economic and social policies of many states.

• B

  Many states were able to consolidate their political systems and eliminate challenges to monarchical power.

• C

  Religious differences stopped being a significant factor in the weakening and fragmentation of imperial states.

• D

  Local elites successfully resisted attempts at state centralization and asserted their autonomy from central rule.