4546 Concepts: Genderization of TB in Slums of Delhi, India

A highly populated urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty is called the:

• slums

• suburbs

• condominiums

• mansion

According to Khan (2012), what was the disease-related stigmatization that was prevalent in the slums of India?

• HIV/STIs

• Tuberculosis 

• COVID-19

• Monkeypox

Answer explanation

The main idea of the article is to Understand the Gender Aspects of Tuberculosis through a Narrative Analysis of the Lived Experiences of Women With TB in Slums of Delhi, India.

Some “slum dwellers believed that people who engage in excessive alcoholism, drugs, and indiscriminate sexual activities were more likely to fall prey to tuberculosis” (Khan, 2012, p. 7). What were the reasons Khan (2012) mentioned that contributed to tuberculosis being a common health problem for slum residents in Delhi, India?

• Lack of PPE

• Stigmatization/discrimination

• Lack of education

• Inadequate ventilation, overcrowding, and insufficient public services

Answer explanation

With overcrowded conditions and inadequate public services in slums, among many other shortfalls, TB is a common health problem of slum residents.

“A theoretical perspective that provides a way to understand how multiple social identities such as gender, race, socioeconomic status, disability and other inequalities intersect at the level of individual and reflect social constructions of oppression and privilege” (Stamler et al., 2016, p. 116) is called:

• Social ecological theory

• Postcolonial theory

• Intersectionality theory

• Feminist theory

Answer explanation

Social ecological theory considers the complex interplay between individual, relationship, community, and societal factors. Postcolonial theory is a critical approach that deals with literature produced in countries that were once, or are now, colonies of other countries. Feminist theory aims to understand gender inequality and focuses on gender politics, power relations, and sexuality

Within the article of Khan (2012), the disease-related stigma of tuberculosis which concerns women, particularly living in the slums at Delhi, were related to: (Select All The Apply).

• reduced prospects of getting married.

• fear of separation and divorce for those who are married.

• isolation and rejection from their families especially from in-laws.

• irrelevant since women with TB do not face stigma in their culture.

Answer explanation

Within the study, Khan (2012) showed that men with TB are still able to marry, whereas women with TB have reduced prospects of getting married. Khan (2012) emphasized that a woman’s status and self-worth cannot be separated from her marriage and motherhood. According to the ethnographic study conducted by Khan (2012), marriage is a defining identity for women.

Discussion question:

What can be upstream/downstream approaches which could help reduce stigmatization for a disease? 

Discussion Question:

Despite modern day technology and globalization, why do you think there's such a big disconnect between Western ideologies and the developing world?

Discussion question:

Where do we draw the line between providing culturally sensitive care and following safe practices/best practice guideline (i.e when does culture become “dangerous”)