CHEM1001/5 UniPASS Session 5

Not possible in cyclic forms

• Hemiacetals

• Alcohols

• Aldehydes

• Hemiketals

Very good nucleophiles

• Hydrides (NaBH₄ or LiAlH₄)

• H₂O and NH₂

• Hemiacetals

• Alcohols

Adding alcohols to aldehydes gives

• Esters

• Carboxylic acids

• Ketones

• Hemiacetals & Acetals

Reduction of aldehydes gives

• Ketones

• No reaction

• Carboxylic acids

• Alcohols

Open chain carbohydrates are

• Alcohols and Ketones

• Alcohols and Aldehydes

• Aldehyde & Ketones

• Alcohols and Carboxylic acids

These are weak bases

• Phenols

• Amines

• Amides

• Epoxides

Adding alcohols to ketones gives

• Hemiacetals & Acetals

• Carboxylic acid

• Hemiketals & Ketals

• Water

Attracted to positive species

• Amines

• Nucleophiles

• Aldehydes

• Alcohols

Unstable in chain form

• Hemiacetals

• Lipids

• Acetals

• Phenols