USH 2. Industrialization

What is the message that this political cartoon is trying to express.

• Foreign competition in the oil industry was hurting American companies

• Government regulations were strangling the Standard Oil Company.

• The best way to develop major industries was to form proprietorships.

• The Standard Oil Company was a harmful monopoly.

Laissez-faire is a French word that means “to let do.” How did laissez-faire politics relate to business principles during the Industrial Revolution and Gilded Age?

• the government made no policies to regulate business principles 

• labor union membership was outlawed

• the government was allowed to implement legislation on businesses as it pleased

• employees could join as many labor unions as they liked

The 1881 cartoon shows one artist’s perspective on the relationship between industry and the government. How does the artist believe industry has affected politics in the United States?

• By expanding the power of political machines.

• By forcing politicians to seek campaign contributions.

• By jeopardizing the legitimacy of the Executive Branch.

• By threatening the independence of the Legislative Branch.

 One reason John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J. Pierpont Morgan were sometimes called robber barons was because they

• stole money from the federal government

• used ruthless business tactics against their competitors

• made unnecessarily risky investments

• robbed from the rich to give to the poor

This philosophy was the belief that natural competition weeds out the weak and the strong will survive.

• Social Pruning

• The Purge

• Social Darwinism

• Social Security

This monopolistic practice involves buying up similar companies to reduce competition.

• Horizontal Integration

• Vertical Integration

• Diagonal Integration

• Hexagonal Integration

This monopolistic business practice involves buying up companies that produce the raw supplies for a product, ultimately creating cheaper prices that can undercut other competitors.

• Horizontal integration

• Vertical Integration

• Diagonal Integration

• Octagonal Integration

The development that this illustration represents helps explain which of the following?

• Government efforts to limit large business combinations

• Government affirmation of laissez-faire principles

• The adoption of the gold standard

• The settlement house movement

These were early 20th century trends

-Growth of monopolistic business practices

-The growth of social Darwinism as a philosophy

-The growing influx of immigrant labor

What was the result of these developments

• Electoral reform

• Population decline

• Increasing income inequality

• Greater educational opportunity

During the industrial revolution, how did the economic hardships of immigrants influence social reforms

• Business sponsored child care programs

• Political machines demanded improved working conditions

• Settlement houses were established to provide services to the poor

• Federal offices distributed relief payments to unemployed workers.