Biology Pre-Assessment

Within an organism, muscle cells and nerve cells differ in both structure and function.  How is this possible?

• They use different parts of the DNA

• They contain different chromosomes

• They have different cell walls

• They contain different DNA

The part of the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell is the __.

• cytoskeleton

• cell membrane    

• Golgi apparatus

• Nucleus

What feature do all living cells have in common?

• mitochondria

• cell membrane   

• cell wall

• nucleus

Which is LEAST likely to cross an animal cell membrane by simple diffusion?

• water

• oxygen

• carbon dioxide      

• potassium ion

A biologist analyzing a sample of organelles obtained from plant cells found that they took up CO₂ (carbon dioxide) and gave off O₂ (oxygen).  The organelles are most likely:

• ribosomes

• chloroplasts  

• mitochondria  

• Golgi bodies

The organelle labeled as #7 is

• vacuole   

• lysosome    

• mitochondria  

• Golgi apparatus

A severely dehydrated person is often given intravenous saline injections. Saline (0.9% salt) has the same electrolyte concentration as human cells.  What would happen if pure water was introduced into the body instead of saline?

• The cells would gain water and swell.

• The cells would lose water and shrivel

• The cells would become impermeable to sodium ions

• The cells would become impermeable to chloride ions

Which of the following functions is carried out by the cell’s ribosomes?

• making proteins  

• digesting lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins

• storing water, proteins, salts, and carbohydrates

• providing support for the cell

Which of these correctly matches the class of macromolecules with its primary function?

• carbohydrates and genetic information

• lipids and enzymatic function

• proteins and energy storage

• nucleic acids and genetic information

Which of the following BEST describes the work of the cell carried out by nucleic acids?

• They store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information. 

• They store energy

• They regulate cell processes

• They form part of biological membranes