Science - Physics part 3

All machines in daily life are governed by physical laws. Relationship between ? and ?

• work

• energy

• mass

• you

a set of interconnected parts

______________ is the study of the interrelationships between heat, thermal energy

FIrst Law of thermodynamics

• the total energy in a system can be increased by adding heat to a system from the surroundings or

• negative work results when the heat in a system decreases or the amount of work done in a system decreases

• heat flows from hot objects to cold objects, resulting in some heat being converted into mechanical energy to do work

• As a result, perpetual motion or perfect machines are impossible since some input energy is ALWAYS converted to heat

• you can never have 100% eeficiency...you cannever get out of a machine as much as you put in.

Answer explanation

The total energy, including heat, in a system and it;s surroundings remains constant

second Law of thermodynamics

• the total energy in a system can be increased by adding heat to a system from the surroundings or

• negative work results when the heat in a system decreases or the amount of work done in a system decreases

• heat flows from hot objects to cold objects, resulting in some heat being converted into mechanical energy to do work

• As a result, perpetual motion or perfect machines are impossible since some input energy is ALWAYS converted to heat

• you can never have 100% eeficiency...you cannever get out of a machine as much as you put in.

Answer explanation

describes he direction of energy flow in natural processes

what is the difference between heat engines and heat pumps

• Heat engines are the devices that convert thermal energy into mechanical work, while heat pumps transfer heat energy from low temperature to high temperature.

• They have no difference

• Heat pumps are the devices that convert thermal energy into mechanical work, while heat engines transfer heat energy from low temperature to high temperature.

• They are the same

Who invented Gunpowder engine?

Answer explanation

He recognized that a successful reciprocating pump needs a force to drive the piston forward and a force to pull it back.

In what year was the Gunpowder engine was invented

How Gunpowder engine works

• Huygens experimented with a gunpowder engine, in which gases generated by an explosion inside the engine drove a piston forward into a cylinder

• It uses the power of vacuums and the fact that water would increases its volume by 1300 times when heated to form steam.

• A boiler produced steam that forced the piston up a cylinder. When cold water was sprayed on the outside of the cylinder, the steam would condense and the piston would move back down the cylinder. The piston rod was connected to a pivoting beam, which in turn was connected to the mine pump. The up-and-down motion of the piston drove the pump.

• It is basically same as Newcomen Engine, but it has a separate condenser to cool the steam so that the boiler cylinder always remained hot. THis reduced the amount of heat required to operate the steam engine, making it over three times more efficient than Newcomen's engine.

How Heat engine works

• Huygens experimented with a gunpowder engine, in which gases generated by an explosion inside the engine drove a piston forward into a cylinder

• It uses the power of vacuums and the fact that water would increases its volume by 1300 times when heated to form steam.

• A boiler produced steam that forced the piston up a cylinder. When cold water was sprayed on the outside of the cylinder, the steam would condense and the piston would move back down the cylinder. The piston rod was connected to a pivoting beam, which in turn was connected to the mine pump. The up-and-down motion of the piston drove the pump.

• It is basically same as Newcomen Engine, but it has a separate condenser to cool the steam so that the boiler cylinder always remained hot. THis reduced the amount of heat required to operate the steam engine, making it over three times more efficient than Newcomen's engine.