Unit 9 Evolution Review

One of the major elements of natural selection is that all species have genetic _____________

• digression.

• melanism.

• stability.

• variation.

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Genes for traits that help an organism be more successful reproductively can be expected to __________________________

• cause it to evolve into a new species.

• become more common in the future.

• cause the extinction of the species.

• eventually be eliminated by natural selection.

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Which of the following is NOT a principle of natural selection?

• Most species produce more of offspring than will actually reproduce.

• Organisms compete for limited resources.

• Evolution will occur as an organism gets older and learns more.

• In every population, adaptations allows some organisms to survive and reproduce better than others.

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Natural selection results in change over time by acting on traits that are _______________.

• heritable.

• new.

• mutated.

• old.

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Scientists can explore whether two different animal species have evolved from a common ancestor, using evidence from all of the sources below except

• analysis of strands of DNA

• comparisons of bones and muscles

• comparison of the experiences of each organism

• studies of embryos during development

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Two bodily structures, found in different species, have different bone structures but serve a similar purpose in each organism. This is the best description of __________________.

• homologous structures

• vestigial structures

• analogous structures

• natural selection

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Early during development, organisms as diverse as a human, a mouse, and a bat can appear indistinguishable. All of their embryos look nearly identical, suggesting that ___________________________________

• during development, humans go through stages of being a mouse and a bat.

• similar structures have developed because of convergent evolution.

• these very different species have a shared ancestry with all mammals.

• this is a coincidental resemblance between them.

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According to the phylogenetic tree below, which statement is true?

• An ancestor of Eubacteria gave rise to all life on Earth.

• Archaebacteria came from Protista.

• Fungi gave rise to plantae and animalia.

• Eubacteria and archaebacteria have no common ancestor .

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The diagram shows, left to right, the leg bones of an orangutan, a dog, a pig, a cow , a tapir , and a horse. Most of the animals have the same bones, although some are shaped differently and placed in different positions. What does this suggest about mammals?

• They shared a common ancestor.

• Mammals evolve to become more and more like each other.

• They developed these similarities randomly.

• The shape of the legs is only due to their environments.

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A population of bacteria is treated with hand sanitizer. Because of genetic variation in the population, what is a possible outcome?

• The population will grow quickly .

• All of the bacteria are already resistant.

• They will get better at obtaining a food source.

• Some may be resistant and survive.

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