AP Comparative Exam Review

Which of the following is most likely to cause a regime change?

• Ethnic diversity

• Austerity measures

• An election

• Revolution

Which of the following best describes how judiciaries remain independent from other branches of government?

• Judiciaries overrule executive and legislative actions.

• Judges are appointed by the president or prime minister.

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• Judiciaries routinely advise executives on economic policy.

• Federal judges counsel lower-court judges on important cases

Which of the following practices is more common in authoritarian political systems than in democratic political systems?

• Censorship of citizens' use of the Internet and social media

• Proportional representation for legislative elections

• The incorporation of the principle of federalism in the constitution

• The presence of a monarch as the symbolic head of state

The United Kingdom has used a referendum in the past ten years to

• pass legislation dealing with immigration

• ratify structural adjustment policies

• amend international trade agreements

• decide whether to leave the European Union

Which of the following best explains why governments seek to devolve power?

• Governments seek to devolve power to allow regional governments more power over local issues.

• Governments seek to devolve power to liberalize and strengthen market economies.

• Governments seek to devolve power to shift more power to the legislative branch.

• Governments seek to devolve power to begin transitioning to a parliamentary system.

Which of the following best describes political culture?

• The government’s right to rule over citizens and monitor their behavior for the good of the entire society

• The process of transmitting political values through family, schools, peers, and the media.

• The collective attitudes, values, and beliefs of the citizenry and the norms of behavior in the political system

• The expressed platforms of different political parties competing for power within the state

Which of the following describes how the Mexican president is elected?

• The president is chosen using a plurality formula, where the candidate who wins the most votes in a single round is elected president.

• The president is chosen using a majority formula, where a candidate can win only if he or she receives more than 50 percent of the vote.

• If no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round of elections, a runoff is held between the two candidates with the most votes in the first round

• A candidate can become president only if he or she receives at least 25 percent of the vote in two-thirds of Mexico’s 32 states.

Which of the following describes civil society in Russia and Iran?

• Civil society groups in Russia and Iran must be connected to religious organizations.

• Civil society groups in Russia and Iran are either prohibited or severely limited.

• Since the early 2000s, there was a vibrant civil society in Russian and Iran.

• Although participation is low, Russian and Iranian citizens are free to join civil society groups.

Note: The value of the Gender Inequality Index is between 0 to 1, with 0 being 0% inequality, or women and men faring equally, and 1 being 100% inequality, or women faring poorly in comparison to men.

Source: United Nations Development Programme, 2017.

According to the map, which of the following countries has the MOST gender inequality?

• The United Kingdom

• Mexico

• Russia

• Iran

Note: The value of the Gender Inequality Index is between 0 to 1, with 0 being 0% inequality, or women and men faring equally, and 1 being 100% inequality, or women faring poorly in comparison to men.

Source: United Nations Development Programme, 2017.

Which of the following is an implication of gender inequality in Mexico?

• Gender inequality is almost nonexistent because of social reforms implemented by the PRI.

• Although gender inequality still exists, gender quotas in the party list system have helped to increase female representation.

• Gender inequality is only a concern in northern Mexico where the maquiladoras are located.

• Gender inequality is growing because of the focus on economic reforms at the cost of most social issues.