Milestones Review: Cells and Microorganisms Part 3

Tardigrades, which are also known as water bears, are small invertebrates that are able to survive in extreme conditions.

Tardigrades contain a protein called DSup. DSup protects tardigrades DNA from radiation damage. Scientists have found that when DSup from tardigrades is put into human cells, it also protects human DNA from radiation. This discovery could help protect the DNA of cancer patients who go through radiation therapy.

Which conclusion can be reached based on this scientific evidence?

• Humans are always harmful to microorganisms

• Humans are always beneficial to microorganisms

• Microorganisms can be beneficial to humans

• Microorganisms are always harmful to humans

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The table lists information about different types of bacteria.

Which of the following statements is true based on information found in the table?

• Each type of bacteria can cause only one disease

• Fever is present in any living organism with bacteria

• Some bacteria cause diseases, but some bacteria are beneficial

• All forms of bacteria are infectious agents

Helen thinks that bacteria can be harmful to humans. She learned that E. coli is a bacteria that is found in the intestines of humans. She also learned that different strains of E. coli affect the intestines differently. Which effect of E. coli supports Helen's claim that bacteria can be harmful to humans?

• Some strains of E. coli increase digestion of food

• Some strains of E. coli produce vitamin K

• Some strains of E. coli increase absorption of nutrients

• Some strains of E. coli damage the intestinal wall

Roberto's mother tells him that he should wash his hands often with soap and water. Roberto knows that washing his hands can help prevent the spread of microorganisms.

Why is it important not to spread microorganisms?

• Microorganisms can cause people to get sick

• Microorganisms give people energy

• Microorganisms have a bad taste

• Microorganisms always make people healthy

Which statement provides the best evidence that microorganisms can benefit plants?

• Bacteria infect living plants, causing them to become diseased and eventually die

• Plants provide a habitat for bacteria

• Plants use bacteria as a food source

• Bacteria decompose dead plants, releasing nutrients into the soil to be used by living plants

An amoeba is a living thing that is made up of only one cell. It is too small to see with just your eyes.

What tool can be used to see an amoeba?

• Hammer

• Pencil

• Microscope

• Sunglasses

All organisms contain special structures that store important information and preform many tasks to help the organisms survive. The picture below shows what some of these structures look like under a microscope.

What are the structures?

• Atoms

• Cells

• Electrons

• Chloroplasts

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What cell part is labeled "A" in the picture below?

• Cytoplasm

• Cell Membrane

• Cell Wall

• Nucleus

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Look at the diagrams of the plant and animal cells.

Which of the following structures are found in the plant cell but NOT in the animal cell?

• Chloroplasts

• Cell Membrane

• Ribosomes

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Examine the pictures of the plant and animal cells.

Which of these statements is true about plant and animal cells?

• Animal cells contain mostly sugar, and plant cells contain mostly water

• Plant cells are usually shaped like boxes with flat sides, but animal cells can have many different shapes

• Plant cells are usually much smaller than animal cells because plants have more cells than animals

• Animal cells are surrounded only by cell membranes, and plant cells are surrounded only by cell walls

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