(UNIT12) Forces that Affect Changes on Earth's Surface

The __________ made of solid metals iron and nickel is found at the center of the Earth. It is the hottest part of the Earth, reaching a temperature of 5,500 ºC.

• Mantle

• Crust

• Inner core

• Outer core

__________ is the movement and shaking of the Earth’s ground due to the shifting of plates in the crust layer. The Earth’s crust being made of plates has a lot of large and small cracks deep underground.

• Volcano eruption

• Earthquake

• Eruption

• Seismic waves

This device is used to determine the strength of an earthquake by reading the intensity of the vibration of the ground.

• Richter scale

• Seismograph

• Magnitude

• Intensity

It refers to the circular formation having steep sides around the main vent. Generally, craters are formed at the top of the volcano, where magma moves through the main vent.

• Magma

• Secondary cone

• Crater

• Chamber

It is one of the main processes that result in the formation of new crust material. It happens when the magma reaches the Earth’s surface.

• Volcanic eruption

• Volcanic vent

• Earthquake

• Continental crust

This is the areas near the perimeter of the volcano. People around this area are warned when to evacuate.

• Danger zones

• Evacuation area

• House

• Safe place

A volcanic eruption often leaves several traces of ashes in the form of __________ in affected areas. These are accumulated ashes on the ground.

• Lava

• Lahar

• Ash falls

• Volcanic Eruption

The most suitable mask for respiratory protection is a well-fitting and industry-certified facemask such as __________.

• N95

• N94

• N097

• N93

Another effect of an earthquake is __________ or the mixing of soil and groundwater, which makes the ground soft.  When it occurs, the ground acts more like a liquid than a solid.

• Soil liquefaction

• Landslides

• Avalanches

• Mudslides

It is also a danger that can result from earthquakes. Earthquakes can break dams and cause water to flood the surrounding areas.

• Landslide

• Tsunami

• Flooding

• Lahar