Anchor 5a Cell Growth & Reproduction

Different types of cells in the human body undergo mitosis at different rates. Which statement best explains why skin cells frequently undergo mitosis?

• Skin cells contain molecules of DNA.

• Skin cells constantly need to be replaced or repaired.

• Skin cells have large numbers of sensory nerve receptors.

• Skin cells constantly need to produce antibodies to fight off infections.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Some unicellular protists, such as dinoflagellates, use mitosis to reproduce. Which of the following statements describes the offspring?

• The offspring are twice as large as the parents.

• The offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

• The offspring develop from a parent's fertilized egg.

• The offspring have half as many chromosomes as the parent.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Two chromosome pairs from a diploid organism are shown below. Assuming meiosis and fertilization occur normally, which of the following pairs of alleles can an offspring receive from this parent?

• A and A

• A and a

• A and f

• F and F

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A mutation in which type of cell could be passed on from parent to offspring?

• blood cell

• bone cell

• gamete

• neuron

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction?

• Turtles lay fertilized eggs in a pit in the sand.

• Seeds form in pine cones after pollen reaches the cones.

• Fish release egg cells and sperm cells at the surface of the water.

• Trees send out root-like extensions that produce new stems.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

A cell is preparing for cell division. During this process the DNA did not replicate correctly. Which phase of interphase did not occur correctly?

• G0

• G1

• Synthesis

• G2

A chromosome consists of two chromatids for at least part of all of these steps EXCEPT:

• G1

• S phase

• G2

• M phase

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Refer to the diagram. Most of the cells are in this stage of cell division. This stage is where the cell spends most of its life cycle.

• Interphase

• G0

• Prophase

• Cytokinesis

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which of the following statements about gametes are true?

I. In sexual reproduction, each parent provides genetic material for the formation of either an egg or a sperm cell.

II. Gametes are produced by mitosis.

III. If a sexually reproducing organism is diploid, the gametes are haploid.

• II and III

• I, II, and III

• I and III

• I only

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

A mutation occurs on a chromosome in a sperm gamete. Which of the following might explain why diploidy may prevent some of the offspring from developing a disease associated with this mutation?

• All diseases come from changes in multiple chromosomes.

• It is always necessary for both homologous chromosomes to have the defective gene in order for the disease to develop.

• Only one homologous chromosome has the mutation (the sperm) but not the other (the egg) so the normal genes are present.

• Only one homologous chromosome must have the mutation for any disease to be manifest.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2