MI 3.4.4 Quiz Review (Quizizz)

The following can be limitations to a healthy, natural immune system's ability to fight cancer on its own except:

• The immune system doesn't see the cancer cells as foreign because the cancer cells are not different enough from normal cells.

• The immune system recognizes the cancer cells, but the response might not be strong enough to destroy the cancer.

• Cancer cells can release substances that keep the immune system from fighting the cancer cells effectively.

• The immune system is boosted by the proteins given off by cancer cells making it give a more robust response.

How is immunotherapy different than chemotherapy?

• Immunotherapy attacks healthy cells while chemotherapy attacks only cancer cells.

• Chemotherapy attacks both cancer cells and healthy cells while immunotherapy targets cancer cells.

• Immunotherapy is targeted to one region while chemotherapy is systemic.

• Immunotherapy is a surgical procedure while chemotherapy is a drug treatment.

PD-1 and CTLA-4

• are targets for checkpoint inhibitors.

• act as "off switches" to keep immune cells from attacking other cells in the body.

• are viruses that have been modified to infect and kill tumor cells.

• are target for CAR T-cell therapy.

CAR T-cell therapy

• involves altering a patient's own T cells to attack cancer cells better.

• can cause cytokine release syndrome.

• prevents cancer like a vaccine.

• causes checkpoint inhibitors to multiply.

An adjuvant

• binds checkpoint receptors on immune cells.

• changes the gene expression in T-cells.

• can help boost a cancer vaccine's effectiveness.

• removes cytokines from the body.

Cancer vaccines work by

• preventing infections by viruses that can cause certain cancers.

• increasing cytokine production in the body.

• creating viruses that attack cancer cells.

• exposing immune cells to cancer cell antigens to program them to fight cancer cells in the body.

Cytokines are

• receptors on T-cells that help them to find and attack cancer cells.

• messenger proteins that can direct the immune system response.

• treatments that are normally used in conjunction with vaccines.

• made in a lab to attack certain cancer cells.

Antibodies with no drug or radioactive material attached to them and are the most commonly used monoclonal antibodies used to fight cancer are

• chemolabeled antibodies.

• bispecific antibodies.

• radiolabeled antibodies.

• naked antibodies.

Bispecific monoclonal antibodies work by

• blocking antigens on cancer cells to prevent them from growing and spreading.

• targeting immune system checkpoint proteins.

• binding both cancer cells targets and T-cells which helps T-cells to fight the cancer cells.

• attaching mAbs to chemo drugs for targeted delivery to cancer cells.

Oncolytic viruses

• cause cervical cancer.

• cause liver cancer.

• turn on oncogenes.

• are manufactured in a lab and target and kill cancer cells.