More EOG practice NC Science 8 - Adaptation and Geologic time

Which statement best describes how ice cores demonstrate Earth's history?

• Each layer of an ice core holds particles from years past, which shows scientists what occurred on Earth during those years.

• The layers of the ice cores are densest at the bottom, which show scientists that Earth’s weather was more severe in the past.

• The layers of the ice cores are lightest at the bottom, which show scientists that Earth’s atmosphere was less complex in the past.

• Each layer of an ice core is made up of the same molecules, which shows scientists the amount of molecules on Earth over many years.

The rock layers have not experienced any folding or faulting. Which claim about Layer X is best supported by the diagram?

• It contains Trilobites that lived 500 million years ago.

• It contains neither Trilobite X nor Trilobite Z specimens.

• It formed between 488.3 million and 298.5 million years ago.

• It formed through the same processes as Layer Y and Layer Z.

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The diagram shows where a rock layer called the Tamiami Formation exists in Florida. The table lists the types of fossils found in this formation.Which conclusion about the Tamiami Formation is supported by evidence in the diagram and table?

• The Tamiami Formation is shrinking in size as new fossils are created. 

• The Tamiami Formation is currently growing in size as new sediments are deposited. 

• The part of Florida containing the Tamiami Formation was once underwater. 

• The part of Florida containing the Tamiami Formation is currently below sea level. 

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A scientist studies sedimentary rock samples from the Devonian period. He claims that he found mammal fossils mixed with amphibian fossils.

 

Which response to the scientist’s claim is most supported by the chart?

• Devonian rocks are too old to contain amphibian fossils.

• Finding fossils of any kind in Devonian rocks is unusual.

• Devonian rocks would not contain mammal fossils because mammals appeared much later.

• Mammal fossils and amphibian fossils are not found in Devonian rocks because the two types of animals live in different habitats.

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This diagram shows partial rock cores from three different locations, with the same layer of rock identified by the dotted lines.If the identified layer of rock contains identical index fossils, what is  most likely  known about the layer at all three locations?

• It is igneous rock of the same age.

• It is igneous rock of different ages.

• It is sedimetary rock of the same age.

• It is sedimentary rock of different ages.

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Based on the diagram, which sequence orders the rock layers from oldest to youngest?

• W, X, Y, Z

• Z, Y, X, W

• Y, Z, W, X

• X, W, Z, Y

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Which statement is best supported by the map?

• South America and Africa were located next to each other 150 million years ago.

• South America and Africa were located farther apart 200 million years ago. 

• The Atlantic Ocean was much larger 50 million years ago.

• The Atlantic Ocean is less than 100 million years old.

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What evidence from the geologic profile would a scientist use to support the explanation that the basalt layer is younger than the other rock layers?

• The basalt layer is exposed at the surface.

• The basalt layer has other rock layers underneath it.

• The basalt layer did not break when the fault occurred.

• The basalt layer cuts across the rock layers and the fault.

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Scientists determine the absolute age of rocks by using radioactive dating. They estimate the ages of the rocks by determining the amount of a radioactive element, such as uranium, remaining inside rock samples. The table lists the location and age of several rock samples.Which rock sample has the smallest amount of uranium inside of it?

• Rock 1

• Rock 2

• Rock

• Rock 4

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Cranial capacity is a measurement of the amount of space inside the skull.

The diagram shows the change in cranial capacity of human ancestors and modern humans over time.

Which conclusion about human ancestors is best supported by the diagram?

• They evolved to live longer.

• They evolved to have larger brains.

• They evolved to consume more plants.

• They evolved to live in larger communities.

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