GED Earth Science

Tides are the twice-daily rise and fall of water along the shores of the oceans. Tides aew caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the moon, and secondarily by the gravitational pull of the sun. The highest tides, called spring tides, occur when the sun, moon, and Earth are in line. Other high tides, called neap tides, occur when the sun and moon are at right angles with respect to the sun.

Which of the following statements is supported by the information above?

• The moon and the sun exert the greatest pull on Earth's oceans when these bodies are all in a line.

• When the moon is at right angles to the sun with respect to the the Earth, tides do not occur along the

• Spring tides occur only in the spring, and neap tides occur only in the fall.

• Neap tides are generally higher than spring tides.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Which tupe of climate is characteristic of areas along the tropic of cancer?

• polar

• temperate

• tropical

• equatorial

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

What type of climate is most common in Europe?

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Which of the following statements is supported by the information in the diagram?

• During a solar eclipse, the sun passes through Earth's umbra.

• During a lunar eclipse the sun passes through the Earth's unbra.

• A lunar eclipse can be seen only at night and a solar eclipse can be seen only during the day.

• A maximum of five solar eclipses and thirteen lunar eclipses are possible during each year.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

In open-pit mining, surfac layers of soil and rock are stripped to obtain coal, ores, or minerals. It is cheaper than shaft mining because there is no underground work.

Which of the following is the most likely reason that some countries restrict open-pit mining?

• There are no underground deposits.

• Open-pit mining is more dangerous than shaft mining.

• Open-pit mining destroys valuable land.

• Open-pit mining yields low-grade coal, ores, and minerals.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

An earthquake happens when rock beneath Earth's surface breaks suddenly. This movement produces waves of energy that travel away from the break. The shaking we think if as an earthquake occurs when the waves reach Earth's surface.

Which statement describes the locations of the epicenter and the focus of an earthquake?

• Both are on the Earth's surface.

• The epicenter lies below the fault, and the focus lies above the fault.

• Both lie directly on the fault.

• The focus is directly below the epicenter.

Earth's crust is broken into several large oieces called tectonic plates. There are about 12 large plates and several smaller plates. These places are constantly moving in different directions. When the plates move apart, melted rock pushes up to form a ridge. When plates collide, one plate sinks into the mantle causing a trench.

Based on the passage and the diagram, tectonic plates are located in which of Earth's layers?

• lithosphere

• lower mantle

• asthenosphere

• outercore

Ireland anf Newfoundland are both located at about 50 degrees north latitude. Yet they do not have similar climates. The average winter temperature in Ireland is 20 degrees Celsius warmer than the average winter temperature in Newfoundland. Most Scientists think this difference is caused primarily by the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and then crosses the North Atlantic to graze the northern edge of Western Europe, where Ireland is located. The current warms the atmosphere above it. Then the prevailing westerly winds bring that warm air with them as they travel across Western Europe, making the climate milder.

What is the source of energy that warms the Gulf Stream?

• the atmosphere

• nearby shores

• the sun

• precipitation

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4