Testing Vocabulary - Part 2

Informational texts

• passages that explain or inform

• a form of writing that tells a story

• intends to convince readers to believe in an idea or opinion and to do an action

Claim

• the author’s intention for his or her writing

• the main argument made by the author; will be supported by reasons and evidence

• Something that proves or demonstrates the truth of something else

Counterclaim

• when an author holds a strong opinion or belief about his or her topic, passages can appear as statements that favor one opinion or idea over another, sometimes creating an unfair or unsound argument by the author

• the author’s intention for his or her writing; whether it is to persuade, inform, explain, or entertain

• a reasonable argument that opposes or disagrees with another claim

Tone

• the way in which a passage is organized

• the attitude of an author about a subject or an audience; revealed by their words or language

• an overview of a passage that captures the main points but does not give every detail and does not include opinions

Analogy

• a comparison between two things that helps to express the relationship or connection between the things

• a meaning beyond the explicit meaning of a word

• refers to the way in which a passage is organized

Chronological order

• identifies a problem and proposes one or more solutions

• a relationship in which one thing causes another thing to happen

• a passage that is arranged in order of time from the beginning to the end

Cause and effect

• a passage that is arranged in order of time from the beginning to the end

• a relationship in which one thing causes another thing to happen

• organizes text by listing supporting details from most important to least important, or by least important to most important

Author’s purpose

• to persuade, inform, explain, or entertain.

• within a passage, an author may use features such as a topic sentence, an introduction, body paragraphs, headings, footnotes, or graphics to further organize the text

• the opinion of the author

Argumentative Texts

• a form of writing that informs the reader or explains something

• a real or imaginary story that may be about a situation, a single moment in time, or a series of related events and experiences

• form of writing in which the writer makes a claim and supports that claim with reasons and evidence; the purpose of this writing is to persuade

Transition

• a word, phrase, or clause that links one idea to the next

• the perspective a writer chooses to tell a story from

• the order of events in a narrative