Test 1 Review--Macromolecules, Enzymes

Which role do proteins play in the body?

• They provide long-term energy storage.

• They provide short-term energy storage

• They provide structure to form DNA and RNA molecules

• They provide structure for body tissue, hair, and fingernails

Waxes create a waterproof layer on the outside of some living organisms. To which group of organic molecules do waxes belong?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins

How are the functions of a carbohydrate and a lipid similar?

• Both are a source of energy.

• Both are replicated during meiosis.

• Both lower the activation energy of reactions.

• Both dissolve nutrients in the digestive system.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Fats are specialized lipid molecules, and enzymes are specialized protein molecules. How do the functions of fats and enzymes differ?

• Fats are structural building materials, while enzymes are transportation molecules.

• Fats provide support for cells, while enzymes lower the pH of gastric fluids.

• Fats regulate body functions, while enzymes denature invasive bacteria.

• Fats are storage molecules, while enzymes are catalytic molecules.

All organisms contain DNA and RNA. What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

• simple sugars

• amino acids

• carbohydrates

• nucleotides

Catalase is an enzyme that speeds up the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide  into water and oxygen. Students conducted two investigations to determine the ideal conditions for the function of catalase. One investigation compared catalase activity at different values of pH. The other investigation compared catalase activity at different temperatures.

According to the data in the graphs, which pH and temperature combination provides the BEST conditions for catalase to function?

• pH 5 and 4°C

• pH 5 and 25°C

• pH 7 and 37°C

• pH 7 and 50°C

Illustration 1 shows sugar that has formed a bond by the action of an enzyme. Illustration 2 shows the enzyme, and Illustration 3 shows the enzyme after the addition of heat.

How does the addition of heat affect the ability of an enzyme to help the sugar molecules form a bond?

• Heat allows the sugar molecules to bond more quickly.

• Heat provides places on the enzyme for other molecules to bond.

• Heat changes the enzyme so that the sugar molecules can no longer bond.

• Heat changes the chemical composition of the sugar molecules so they no longer need the enzyme.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Which of the following foods is highest in carbohydrates?

• broccoli

• potatoes

• cheese

• fish

Which type of substances serves as a catalyst for reactions that break large food molecules into smaller useful molecules?

• enzymes

• vitamins

• lipids

• nucleotides

Which organic molecule is paired with its function?

• nucleic acid : to store energy

• proteins : to provide insulation

• lipids : to regulate metabolic processes

• carbohydrate : to provide quick–release energy