Cell Signaling

A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a

• ligand
• second messenger
• protein kinase
• receptor protein

What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?

• phosphorylation cascade
• cAMP
• signal receptors
• phosphatase

The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are

• reception, transduction, response
• response, transduction, reception
• reception, response, transduction
• transduction, reception, response

This is an example of

• paracrine signaling

• endocrine signaling

• autocrine signaling

• juxtacrine signaling

What determines whether a signal molecule binds on the surface or enters the cell?

• size
• polarity
• ability to cross the membrane
• all of these are correct

Type of cell signaling where the ligand is produced at a location distant from its target cell(s)

• autocrine signaling

• juxtracrine signaling

• paracrine signaling

• endocrine signaling

Type of cell signaling where the ligand is released and will affect cells in its "neighborhood"

• autocrine signaling

• juxtracrine signaling

• paracrine signaling

• endocrine signaling

Active Transport

• moves compounds down concentration gradient

• moves compounds against concentration gradient

• does not require energy

• does require energy

Type of cell communication between two adjacent cells

• intracine

• endocrine

• yuxtacrine

• paracrine

from the following types of communication which one covers a shorter distance:

• neurocrine

• paracrine