Paper 2 Multiculturalism

What is essentialism?

• Different communities contain characteristics which mean their values are deeply entrenched

• A situation where the diversity of different communities has led to separation rather than integration.

• Values are of different worth and the state should respect the fact that some minority communities value some rights above others

• There are a number of fundamental values the state should recognise and foster (eg tolerance)

What is communitarianism?

• Different beliefs and lifestyles have equal value, so they should be tolerated.

• A belief and aspiration that states and policymakers should see individuals in terms of their multiple identities

• People see themselves in terms of the multiple communities of which they are a part (eg religion, culture, ethnicity)

• A situation where the diversity of different communities has led to separation rather than integration.

Optimistically, human nature tends towards ________, sympathy and empathy.

Which of the options below help to make up culture? Choose 2:

• values, beliefs

• food, entertainment

• economics, politics

• heritage, lifestyle

What is formal equality?

• Where the state imposes a culture on different communities.

• Where the state imposes legal equality for all individuals and groups (aka equal rights).

• Where the state ignores legal equality for individuals and groups.

• Where the state mandates in school that all pupils are to be taught religious education.

________ _________ is the idea that even in culturally and racially diverse communities, there can be a strong degress of integration, leading to social harmony.

What is positive discrimination?

• Where majority groups, or men, find themselves benefitting from state intervention.

• Where minority groups, or women, find themselves suffering discrimination.

• The state makes legal assurances to give a positive advantage to minority groups.

• The state makes no legal assurances to give positive advantage to minority groups.

Rights that might be granted to some groups even though they are not universally applied is called ______ ________ _______.

What is universalism?

• There are some social values that cannot be applied to all societies.

• There are some social values that can and should be applied to all societies.

• The idea where intolerance should be universally applied.

• The idea where segregation is the best way to ensure social cohesion.

True or False: Cosmopolitan integration suggests that individuals may choose which cultural community to join and may see themselves as members of several communities

• True

• False