AP Bio Evolution Review

Selection acts directly on

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Which of the following is the definition of macroevolution?

• All of the alleles present in a population.

• Evolution on a large scale

• When a new species is created

• Theory describing the engulfing of free-living prokaryotic cells, which then became organelles

• The theory that geologic changes in the Earth have resulted from sudden and unusual events

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The Grants in the Galapagos islands saw a weather change change that caused only small seeds left on the island. What type of bird would you expect to see being selected for in this new environment and what mechanism would be causing this selection?

• Birds with large beaks due to gene flow.

• Birds with small beaks due to gene flow.

• Birds with large beaks due to natural selection.

• Birds with small beaks due to natural selection.

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Which of the following is NOT a requirement for maintenance of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

• no migration

• no natural selection

• small population size

• no mutations

• random mating

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Give one example of each of the following:

a) the way organisms are suited for their environment

b) the unity of life

c) the richness (diversity) of life

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Robins typically lay fours eggs. If more then four eggs are produced then the baby chicks are malnourished while smaller egg numbers result in no viable (able to live) baby chicks. This is an example of

• stabalizing
• disruptive
• direction
• none of the above

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Some female peacocks prefer males with large, colorful tales while other female peacocks prefer males with no tail at all. Females are now mating only with the tail they prefer. What type of reproductive barrier is this?

• behavioral isolation

• hybrid sterility

• temporal isolation

• mechanical isolation

• gametic isolation

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In a population that is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, 25% of the individuals show the recessive trait. What is the frequency of the dominant allele in the population? (i.e. solve for 'p' - do this using the q² value)

Answer explanation

20% is the amount of people who are homozygous recessive for the trait, so that is q². You solve for q by doing the square root of .25 (the decimal form of 25%). q = .5. The hardy weinberg equation tells us that p and q = 1. Therefore, the frequency for the dominant allele (p) is .5.

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of allele a is 0.3. What is the frequency of individuals with the heterozygous (Aa) genotype?

• .7

• .42

• .21

• .09

Answer explanation

Here, you are given the value of q (.3). So the value of p (1-q) = .7. According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, you can find the expected number of heterozygous (Aa) individuals by calculating 2(pq). This is 2 X (.7 X .3). This gives us the answer of .42.

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In peas, a gene controls flower color such that R = purple and r = white. In an isolated pea patch, there are 24 purple flowers and 76 white flowers. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the value of q for this population?

• .76

• .87

• .48

• .69

Answer explanation

In this situation we are solving for q. We know q² is 76%. 76 out of 100 of the flowers are white, so that is the frequency of q². From here we can find q by doing the square root of .76 (the decimal form of 76%). This gives us '.87' as the answer.

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