The Peoples of North and Mesoamerica

What occurred in Eastern North America in A.D. 700?

• shift toward full-time farming

• mass movement into urban settlement

• introduction of the Iroquois Grand Council

• collapse of city-state Cahokia

The desert-dwelling Anasazi built their pueblos using

• grasses and animal hides.

• wooden poles and buffalo skin.

• sun-dried brick and stones.

• tree bark and wooden poles.

Which of the following best describes the Maya civilization?

• It was composed of related families from which clan mothers chose members for the Grand Council.

• It was composed of city-states that were ruled by a class of hereditary nobles.

• It was founded in the Mississippi River valley and is responsible for the city of Cahokia.

• It flourished in the Southwest and built multi-storied structures called pueblos.

Maya rulers, such as the powerful Pacal,

• were elected by the population at times determined by the Maya calendar.

• maintained a steady peace with leaders of other Maya city- states.

• opposed the priestly practice of human sacrifice.

• were supported by a group of scribes and ruled over peasants and townspeople.

From the Maya perspective, all of life was

• seen as sacred, especially the lives of people.

• the responsibility of the priest-like scribes.

• in the hands of divine powers, such as Itzamna.

• the product of the jaguar god, an evil god of the night.

Which is true of the Maya sacred calendar?

• It was a solar calendar of 365 days.

• It was divided into 18 months and 20 days each.

• The calendar used a number system based on units of 10.

• Only trained priests could read or use the calendar.

The Toltec were the first people in Mesoamerica to

• work in gold, silver, and copper.

• irrigate crops with canals.

• construct temples and palaces.

• grow maize and peppers.

Which people were able to extend their empire across much of Mexico, from the Atlantic to the Pacific and to the Guatemalan border?

• the Maya

• the Aztec

• the Toltec

• the Iroquois

Aztec society was made up of nobles, indentured workers, slaves, and commoners, and it was ruled by a monarch who

• met the wishes of a council of lords and government officials.

• ruled with the consent of the people who elected him.

• was all powerful and claimed to be the descendant of gods.

• rose with hard work through the social orders.

According to Aztec religious beliefs, the creation and destruction of the four worlds were caused by

• the sleeping and waking of the evil jaguar god.

• the fight between Huitzilopochtli and Itzamna.

• the birth and aging of the feathered Quetzalcoatl.

• a never ending battle between good and evil.