G 11 ch. 1 (nutrition)

  Fungi, like the toadstool mushroom shown in the picture, are heterotrophs that obtain nutrition from dead and decaying organisms. What classification of heterotrophic organisms do they belong to?

• Parasite

• Holozoic

• Saprophytes

• Herbivores

With reference to enzymes, what does “denatured” mean?n?

• The enzyme’s active site has been irreversibly changed.

• The enzyme has been killed.

• The enzyme has been used as much as it can be and must be replaced.

• The enzyme’s protein structure has been stretched.

The spongy mesophyll cells in the leaf are separated by many air spaces. How does this aid key biological processes in the plant?

• It allows sunlight to penetrate down to the palisade layer to increase the rate of photosynthesis.

• It increases the size of the leaf, which allows the maximum amount of sunlight to be captured for photosynthesis.

• It allows easy diffusion of gases for respiration and photosynthesis.

• It allows substances like water and minerals to be transported around the leaf to be used in respiration and photosynthesis.

Which of the following structures’ opening and closing are regulated by a special type of cells?

• Lenticels

• Stomata

• Hydathodes

The reactions involved in metabolism can be divided into two broad categories: catabolism and anabolism. Which of the following best defines anabolism?

• Anabolism is the process by which large molecules are broken down into smaller units.

• Anabolism is the process by which large molecules are constructed from the joining of smaller units.

Why is a period of intense exercise often followed by heavy breathing?

• To replace the oxygen lost

• To provide cells with energy

• To increase the heart rate

• To increase the temperature of the body

In some metabolic reactions, large molecules are broken down into smaller ones.

What biological reaction breaks down glucose in cells to release energy?

•   Photosynthesis

• Respiration

• Ammonification

• Mitosis

The reactions involved in metabolism can be divided into two broad categories: catabolism and anabolism. Which of the following best defines catabolism?

• Catabolism is the process by which large molecules are broken down into smaller units.

• Catabolism is the process by which large molecules are constructed from the joining of smaller units

Which of the following is not an adaptation of the stomach for digestion?

• The stomach has a low pH that is optimum for the activation of pepsin.

• The epithelial cells of the stomach produce a mucus lining that acts as a protective layer.

• The body of the stomach is composed of muscle that allows the stomach to mechanically churn food.

• The stomach produces hydrochloric acid that helps break down food and pathogens.

• The stomach produces and stores bile to aid the breakdown of fats.

What is the function of lipase?

• To activate the enzyme pepsin from pepsinogen

• To catalyze the hydrolysis of carbohydrates, glycogen, and starch

• To catalyze the hydrolysis of fats into glycerol and fatty acid molecules

• To catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins into amino acids