2021 Midterm Exam M

A student wanted to investigate the effect of light on the rate of ripening of tomatoes. She set up four pots of the same size with identical amounts of soil, water, and type of tomato plants. Each plant was exposed to a different intensity of light as shown in the table below.

To report the final results, which label would be most appropriate for the third column of the data table?

• Height of Tomato Plants (cm)

• Average Ripening Time (days)

• Average Weight of Tomatoes per Plant (grams)

• Acidity of Tomatoes (pH)

Early Earth had little to no oxygen, yet some organism fossils have been found which lived during this time. Which of the following proposals is the most likely for how they might have survived without oxygen?

• They were able to perform anaerobic respiration

• All of their ATP is imported into the cell from an external source

• They were able to perform aerobic respiration.

• They did not require energy to survive.

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

• 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

• 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy → 6CO2 + 6H2O

• 6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy

• 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6

Researchers have found that formaldehyde and asbestos can alter DNA base sequences. Based on this research, the use of these chemicals has been greatly reduced because they

• may act as fertilizers, increasing the growth of algae in ponds

• have been replaced by more toxic compounds

• are capable of causing mutations in humans

• interfere with the production of antibiotics by white blood cells

Organisms contain compounds such as proteins, starches, and fats. The chemical bonds in these compounds can be a source of

• amino acids

• simple sugars

• energy

• enzymes

The figure above shows the structure of

• a DNA molecule

• an amino acid

• a RNA molecule

• a protein

The bonds between the atoms that make up a water molecule are called

• polar covalent bonds

• hydrogen bonds

• ionic bonds

• adhesion bonds

Amino acids become linked together by peptide bonds during which process?

• transcription

• replication

• translation

• hydrolysis

Fructose, sucrose, glucose, and starch are all examples of

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins

When particles move out of a cell through facilitated diffusion, the cell

• gains energy

• uses energy

• first gains and then uses energy

• does not use energy