Signal Transduction Recap

Whether a ligand is polar or nonpolar affects its

• reception

• transduction

• response

Amplification of a signal makes it

• halt

• diffuse

• larger

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS4-1

NGSS.HS-PS4-5

Cell signaling involves

• specificity

• conformational changes

• proteins

• all of these

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

_____________ perform phosphorylation

• phosphatases

• kinases

• nucleases

• proteases

Phosphotylation __________ a protein

• inactivates

• activates

• hydrolyzes

• synthesizes

Protein phosphates (PP) remove phosphate groups from proteins returning them to inactive status/off. If PP are dysfunctional, what would occur?

• Signal pathway would immediately stop

• Signal pathway would be terminated

• Signal pathway would be initiated

• Signal pathway is unable to be terminated

Different cell types may respond differently to the same ligand

• True

• False

Species that use the same ligands, receptor proteins, and relay proteins may be

• unrelated

• related

• related by evolution

• unrelated by evolution

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Relay molecules and secondary messengers both help to __________ cell signals, though relay molecule are _____ and require activation, whereas secondary messengers are _____, diffuse quickly, and may or may not require activation.

• inhibit; small/water soluble; large

• amplify; small/water soluble; large

• amplify; large; small/water soluble

• inhibit; large; small/water soluble

When a ligand is released, what prevents all cells from being affected?

• type of cell

• type of receptor

• type of ligand

• type of second messenger