영Ⅱ 4과 2차시(confirmation bias)

다음 복문을 단문으로 바꾸시오.

It seems that the most reliable studies show that avoiding meat can be dangerous.

다음 밑 줄 친 표현의 뜻이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Kevin

I’m a strict vegetarian. I’m convinced that my decision not to eat meat is rational and based on objective research. It seems to me that there is abundant scientific evidence for the benefits of a vegetarian diet. Studies in favor of eating meat, on the other hand, seem few and unreliable.

Sara

I’m a strong advocate for a balanced meat and plant diet. I do not doubt that my belief is the most reasonable one, considering all the scientific evidence. It seems to me that the most reliable studies show that avoiding meat can be dangerous for one’s health. The benefits of a vegetarian diet, on the other hand, are questionable at best.

• 'm convinced that : ~을 확신하다

• in favor of: ~에 우호적인

• considering: ~을 고려할 때

• at best: 적어도

다음 우리말에 맞게 주어진 단어를 재배열하시오.

The confirmation bias is a type of cognitive bias that involve 기존에 존재하는 신념이나 편견을 확인해주는 정보를 선호하는 것

(information, confirms, biases, beliefs, previously, that, existing, favoring, or)

다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?

Both Kevin and Sara are affected by the confirmation bias. The confirmation bias is a type of cognitive bias that involves favoring information ① that confirms previously existing beliefs or biases. It impacts both how people gather information and ② how to interpret

and recall it. The confirmation bias gets people unconsciously ③ seek information that matches their own opinions, just as Kevin and Sara have done. When people encounter evidence that contradicts their view, the confirmation bias helps them to interpret it in a way that supports their existing opinion or④ to dismiss it as unreliable. Thus, the confirmation bias prevents us from ⑤ looking at situations objectively, leading us to make poor or faulty choices.

• ①

• ②

• ③

• ④

• ⑤

다음 글의 주제를 영어로 쓰시오.

The confirmation bias can appear in many forms. Racism, which is a dangerous human attribute that is essentially found in all societies, is an obvious example. So are prejudices against religion, gender, social class, and age. We even become firm in our loyalty to political parties and view them simply in “us”or “them” terms. Thus, we become hard wired to engage in faulty thinking.

다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The confirmation bias can appear in many forms. Racism, which is a dangerous human attribute that is essentially found in all societies, is an obvious example. So are prejudices against religion, gender, social class, and age. We even become firm in our loyalty to political parties and view them simply in “us”or “them” terms. Thus, we become hard wired to engage in faulty thinking. It is almost impossible to overcome the confirmation bias alone. However, Charles Darwin came up with a golden rule to avoid falling into the trap of the confirmation bias. He always noted observations that were opposed to what he thought and made an effort to investigate them. Paying extra attention to claims that challenge your opinions and attempting to discredit your own beliefs allow you to come to a conclusion in a more objective way.

• 인종차별은 모든 사회에서 본질적으로 발견되는 위험한 인간속성이다.

• 우리는 정당에 대한 충성도에 있어서 확고해져서 단순히 "우리" 또는 "그들"이라는 용어로 정당을 바라본다.

• 확증편향을 혼자서 극복하는 것은 거의 불가능 하다.

• 찰스 다윈은 확증 편향의 덫에 빠지지 않기 위한 황금률을 생각해 냈다.

• 찰스다윈은 그가 생각하는 것과 반대되는 관찰 정보에 주목하여 그의 생각을 살피는 노력을 기울였다.

다음 문장을 영작하시오.

-종교, 성, 사회계급, 나이에 대한 편견도 역시 그러하다.

(단, so 동사 주어 구문을 사용할 것)

밑줄 친 hard wired의 뜻을 우리말로 쓰시오.

Thus, we become hard wired to engage in faulty thinking.

다음 글을 읽고 아래 질문에 영어로 답하시오.

It is almost impossible to overcome the confirmation bias alone. However, Charles Darwin came up with a golden rule to avoid falling into the trap of the confirmation bias. He always noted observations that were opposed to what he thought and made an effort to investigate them. Paying extra attention to claims that challenge your opinions and attempting to discredit your own beliefs allow you to come to a conclusion in a more objective way.

Q. According to Charles Darwin, what should we do to overcome the confirmation bias?