Reliability of Memory

Anything that assists recovery of information stored in LTM is called a _____ cue.

• retrieval

• recovery

• constructive

• reconstruction

Which retrieval method will most effectively demonstrate the existence of information in memory?

• recall

• relearning

• reconstruction

• recognition

When the recognition method is used, the required information

• is reproduced in no particular order.

• acts as a retrieval cue.

• is unavailable for retrieval unless it can be seen.

• must be selected from among incorrect alternatives.

A neurodegenerative disease is best described as a

• brain trauma.

• brain injury.

• brain-related disorder associated with older people.

• progressive decline in the structure and/or function of brain neurons.

Anterograde amnesia involves loss of memory of events occurring

• backward in time.

• before brain trauma.

• after brain trauma.

• before or after brain trauma.

Someone with anterograde amnesia involving only semantic and episodic memories probably experienced brain trauma that impacted at the

• synapse.

• hippocampus.

• amygdala.

• cerebellum.

Which structure is primarily involved in memory formation of classically conditioned fear responses?

• cerebellum

• hippocampus

• cerebral cortex

• amygdala

Memory reconstruction typically involves

• re-creating a memory using all accessible information in long-term memory.

• building up a new memory using information planted in leading questions.

• re-creating a distorted memory that has been manipulated by a researcher.

• building up an accurate account of what was actually experienced at some time in the past.

On recovering consciousness, a cyclist who was knocked unconscious in an accident is unable to recall events that occurred in the half hour or so before the accident.

How would his amnesia be explained by the consolidation process?

• lack of time for consolidation of sensory information in short-term memory

• lack of time for completion of structural changes in neurons and synapses

• lack of attention during the half hour before the brain trauma

• lack of processing by the hippocampus in the parietal lobe

Blake learns to play poker at his friend’s house. When he gets home, he decides to teach his younger sister, but can’t recall whether ‘three of a kind’ is a better hand than a ‘full house’. When he returns to his friend’s house a few days later and plays poker again, he recalls with ease that a ‘full house’ beats a ‘three of a kind’.

A probable explanation for Blake’s inability to recall the information at home is

• source confusion.

• context dependent memory.

• lack of savings.

• state dependent memory.