Quoting/Paraphrasing/Summarizing/Citation Signal Words

You introduce the citation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses

• Narrative Citation

• Parenthetical Citation

• Summarizing

You do not include the author's name in the text of the sentence, you place the author's last name, year of publication and page number in parenthesis after the citation.

• Narrative Citation

• Parenthetical Citation

• Summarizing

Requires the potion being used from the original source to be copied word for word.

• Narrative Citation

• Paraphrasing

• Quoting

Entails expressing the author’s ideas/points in your own words, so as to condense the information given in the source.

• Summarizing

• Parenthetical

• Narrative

• Paraphrasing

Is expressing the necessary information in the passage, in your own words, that prove significant to your topic.

• Summarizing

• Parenthetical

• Narrative

• Paraphrasing

Falsely balanced news coverage can distort the public’s perception of expert consensus on an issue (Koehler,2016).

• Narrative Citation

• Parenthetical Citation

• Quoting

• Paraphrasing

Koehler (2016) noted the dangers of falsely balanced news coverage.

• Narrative Citation

• Parenthetical Citation

• Quoting

• Paraphrasing

According to Cook-Gumperz (1986), “The systematic development of literacy and schooling meant a new division in society, between the educated and the uneducated” (p. 27).

• Narrative Citation

• Parenthetical Citation

• Quoting

• Paraphrasing

According, indicated, asserted, acknowledged, claimed, pointed out....are examples of

• Signal Words

• Action Words

• Citation Signal Words

• Citation Action Words