Chemistry of Life

What scientific knowledge about macromolecules is a direct result of Gerardus Johnannes Mulder’s 1838 discovery?

• All proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

• All carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

• Nucleic acids are polymers with nucleotide monomers.

• The helical structure of DNA is essential for protein production.

Where does a peptide bond form?

• between the five-carbon sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another nucleotide

• between the R group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid

• between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid

• between the nitrogenous base of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another nucleotide

A Venn diagram can be used to compare and contrast nucleic acids.

Which characteristic would be correctly found in B?

• contain ribose

• consist of two strands

• made of nucleotides

• have an R group

Which recent discovery led to a new understanding of how genetic mutations increase the risk of cancer?

• double helix structure of DNA

• BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes

• nucleic acid monomers

• formation of tumor suppressor proteins

The diagram shows a simple lipid.

What type of lipid is shown?

• saturated

• unsaturated

• phospholipid

• triglyceride

What type of lipid is estrogen?

• steroid

• phospholipid

• triglyceride

• wax

What would most likely happen to plants if they did not have a waxy outer coating?

• They would store more water in their leaves.

• They would photosynthesize at a faster rate.

• They would store more sugars in their leaves.

• They would be harmed by insects and UV radiation.

The diagram shows a straight chain of glucose molecules.

Which carbohydrate is shown above?

• fructose

• sucrose

• galactose

• starch

Which food contains mostly polysaccharides?

• cake

• sugar

• berries

• pasta

In which part of the body is glycogen stored?

• liver

• blood

• pancreas

• exoskeleton